You are hired to design a pipeline connecting the Dead Sea (Z1 = -400 m) (border

Question

You are hired to design a pipeline connecting the Dead Sea (Z1 = -400 m) (border Israel-Jordan) and the Red Sea (Z2 = 0 m). The length of the pipeline is L = 200 km, and the diameter is D = 3 meters. The roughness of the wall is E = 1 mm.

We suppose alpha = 1 in the EBE; v = 10-6 m 2 /s and density = 1000 kg/m3 for sea water.

We assume that the atmospheric pressure is the same on both seas.

Calculate the maximum volumetric flow rate through the pipe when it connects both seas. For this, assume and then verify that we are in the fully rough turbulent flow zone.

What is the best design suggestion you can think about to reduce the minor losses at the inlet and/or the outlet of the pipe? Which “side” is the most appropriate to work on?

(detailed solution is needed)

Explanation / Answer

The problem is related to fluid flow through pipes

The pressure gradient across the pipe is driving the fluid

Turbulent flow is assumed with fully developed flow

Re = (Average Velocity)( Diameter of pipe) / (Friction factor)

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