<Cell structure and organelles> 3. Explain how the internal structure of a cell

Question

<Cell structure and organelles>

3. Explain how the internal structure of a cell isolated from the pancreas differs from that of a muscle cell.,

Compare the structures of animal and plant cells. How are they different? how are they the same?

Edema is a medical condition that results from fluid leaking out of blood vessels into surrounding tissues. using your knowledge of animal cell junctions, hypothesize what type of junction may be malfunctioning in individuals suffering from edema and explain why you believe your hypothesis to be correct.

Explanation / Answer

1) Both the muscle cell and Pancreatic cell are two different cell types that are specialized for their unique function. Their uniquenss in function provide them with different structural make up. Each muscle cell is made up of specific componenets called as myofibrils. They extend along the entire muscle cell. They are made up of thin and thick filaments. They are multinucleated. Their cytoplasm (sarcoplasm in case of muscle tissue) is provided with large number of mitochondria as they require lot of energy for their functioning. They are made up of two major proteins, ie; actin and myosin. In addition, the pigment Myoglobin will be present which helps in oxygen storage.

In contrast, the pancreatic cell has both a digestive role as well as an endocrine fuction which secretes hormone. They secrete hormones like Insulin and Glucagon that is needed for maintaining blood sugar level. Therefore, they are made up small islands of cells and they include alpha, beta, gamma and delta cells.

2) The major differences between a palnt cell and animal cella are as follows :

The similarities between plant and animal cells are, both contain cell membrane and posess cytoplasm with cell organelles like Nucleus (DNA as genetic material), mitochondria, ribosomes, both rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulaml and golgi complex.

3) According to my view, it is the tight junction that might be malfunctioning in case of edema.

It is because, It is the tight junctins that act as a barrier that regulates the movement of solutes between the epithelial layer. They consist of proteins like occludin and claudin. The disruption of these proteins can result in leakage of fluid from blood vessels to the sorrounding tissues that results in edema.

Plant cell Animal Cell Relatively Larger in size Relatively Smaller A rigid cell wall that is made up of cellulose is present outside the cell membrane Cell wall is absent Plastids like Chloroplast, chromoplast may be present Plastids are absent Lysosomes that contain digestive enzymes are absent Lysosomes are present A large central vacoule is present A few number of smaller vacoules will be present Reseve food material is Starch Reserve food material is Glycogen No centrosome Centrosomes are present During times of cell division, the cytoplasm divides by the formation of a cell plate Cytoplasmic division occurs by the formation of cell Furrow.

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