because it blocks UV radiation in sunshine trom entering the skin Pigmentation t

Question

because it blocks UV radiation in sunshine trom entering the skin Pigmentation tn hu and thereby protects against skin cancer and the photo-destruction of folic acid-an essential nutrient. But pigmentation can also be harmful because it blocks UV radiation from penetrating the skin and thereby blocks the UV-dependent chemical reaction that produces vitamin D-an essential nutrient. Suppose that a group from southern Europe with moderate levels of skin pigmentation migrated to a northern location like Sweden (with long dark winters) An anthropologist recorded the folowing information by following a large group individuals over their entire lifetimes: Genotype: Newborns 50 250 100 200 10 The Apur allele produces more pigmentation than the Auig allele. You can use our discrete-generation model of natural selection and microevolution as an approximation to evaluate these data. 82) The relative fitness of homozygous individuals expressing the higher pigment phenotype is: A) 0.2 B) 0.4 C) 05 D) 0.6 E) None of these answers are correct 83) The relative fitness of the Auigh allele is: A) 0.2 B) 06 C) 0.6 D) 08 E) None of these answers are correct 84) The average relative fitness of the population is: A) 0.2 B) 0 C) 0. D) 10 ,3 5 7 8 9

Explanation / Answer

Solution) We calculate the relative fitness in terms of survival rate and reproductive rate.

so, we need to identify or deduce the survival rate and reproductive rate; survival rate would be the percent of individuals becoming adult out of newborn babies for each type of pigmentation profile while reproductive rate would be the offsprings produced per adult for each type of pigmentation profile.

i) for AdarkAdark type;

survival rate = 50/200 x 100 = 25 %

and reproductive rate = 4

survival x reproductive rate = 0.25 x 4 = 1

ii) for AdarkAlight type;

survival rate = 250/500 x 100 = 50 %

and reproductive rate = 6

survival x reproductive rate = 0.50 x 6 = 3

ii) for AlightAlight type;

survival rate = 100/200 x 100 = 50 %

and reproductive rate = 10

survival x reproductive rate = 0.50 x 10 = 5

now, calculating the relative fitness for each, using this formula

relative fitness = survival x reproductive rate for this class / highest survival x reproductive rate among all classes. highest survival x reproductive rate is obtained for AlightAlight type as 5.

so, relative fitness for AdarkAdark type = 1/5 = 0.20

similarly, relative fitness for AdarkAlight type = 3/5 = 0.60

and relative fitness for AlightAlight type = 5/5 = 1

Answer 82 Relative fitness of homozygous individuals expressing higher pigment (AdarkAdark type) would be 0.20.

Correct answer A) 0.20

Answer 83) Relative fitness of Alight allele would be = relative fitness of Alight Alight type / 2 = 1/2 = 0.5

the correct answer is B) 0.5

Answer 84) Average relative fitness of the population = relative fitness of Adark Adark type + relative fitness of Adark Alight type + relative fitness of Alight Alight / 3

= 0.20 + 0.60 + 1 / 3 = 1.8 / 3 = 0.6

the correct answer is C) 0.6

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