rt Essays. Answer in 5-7 COMPLETE sentences. Some viruses contain DNA: others co
ID: 210495 • Letter: R
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rt Essays. Answer in 5-7 COMPLETE sentences. Some viruses contain DNA: others contain RNA. a. b. c. What is the name for viruses that contain RNA? Describe the process of reverse transcription. Why do you think reverse transcription leads to so many replication errors and mutations? 3. An addition to viruses there are other molecules that can infect and take over cells. These include viroids and prions. a. What are viroids made of? What are Prions made of? b. Chose ONE of these and discuss how it infects cells and causes disease. Imagine NASA sends you a rock specimen from a planet that they believe contains an extraterrestrial bacterial species. You are the microbiologist in charge of determining how to grow the extraterrestrial bacteria. Many factors may affect the growth of extraterrestrial bacteria. Choose two factors. 4. a. b. Why would these factors be important in growing this specific type of bacteria? Describe how you would test the effects of these factors on the bacteria (in detail). RNA plays several important roles in the processes that express genetic information from DNA into role. Also indicate what role RNA plays in translation in bacterial cells (mRNA, rRNA and tRNA). 5. protein products. Illustrate the events of transcription in a bacterial cell and indicate where RNA plays a 6. Viruses can be categorized based on THREE different characteristics. Name these THREE characteristics. How would you test these characteristics (what tests/experiments could you use)? a. b. 7 Bacteria can pass on genetic information by transduction, transformation and conjugation. a. What does competency' mean? b. What is the difference between F plasmid and F plasmid? c. What is the difference between general transduction and specialized transduction? There are many differences between viruses that infect eukaryotes and viruses that infect especially in how they enter and infect a host cell. a. Give FIVE differences between these two viral types. b. How do you think viruses evolved? te a dichotomous key to positively identify the following objects: a. Red cabbage b. Green lettuce c. Green grapes rea d. Red grapes e. Red apples f. Green apples & Pumpkin h. FishExplanation / Answer
2. a. some of the RNA virus is influenza A virus, zika virus, mump virus and hepatitis virus
b. the process in which DNA is formed from RNA is called reverse transcription. The DNA formed is called complementary DNA. reverse transcriptase gets attached to the RNA and initiates the process. The host machinery mistakes with DNA-RNA template as polymerase and starts the formation of the second strand of DNA.
c. Reverse transcription is prone to replication error and mutation because RNAse lacks proofreading feature. this makes the process more susceptible to mutation and errors, these are not even corrected by the machinery.
3. a. A viroid is a circular RNA without the capsule. It does not produce the protein of its own.
prion is a proteinaceous material which lacks nucleic acid in it. It is dangerously infectious material.
b. viroid generally infects the plants. It enters the host machinery. it overpowers the host machinery by affecting its process to produce proteins.
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