1. Most hypothalamic and pituitary hormones are A. Amino acids B. Peptides /prot
ID: 210702 • Letter: 1
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1. Most hypothalamic and pituitary hormones are A. Amino acids B. Peptides /proteins C. Steroids. D. Eicosanoids. E. Catechol amines. 2. Endocrine regulation A. Refers to chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the blood stream. May be achieved by stimulating the secretion of autocrine /paracrine regulators Differs from paracrine regulation in that endocrine regulators act on different cell types from those that secreted them, whereas paracrine regulators are secreted by the same cell they act on B. C. D. A and B. E. A, B and C 3. Hormones A. Are chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the blood stream. B. May be secreted by endocrine cells. C. May be secreted by nerve cells. D. A and B. E. A, B and CExplanation / Answer
1. Most hypothalamic and pituitary hormones are - B. Peptide / Proteins in chemical nature.
2. Endocrine regulation - E. A, B and C.
3. Hormones are - E. A, B and C. Hormones are chemical regulators conveyed via blood stream, secreted from mostly Endocrine cells but may be from nerve cells. Eg. ADH and oxytocin secreted from neurosecretory cells of Posterior pituitary.
4. An Example of permissiveness - C. Estrogen increases the synthesis of progesterone receptors in the endometrium. As per definition, permissiveness can be explained as a biochemical phenomenon in which the presence of one hormone is required in order for another hormone to exert its full effects on a target cell.
5. Eicosanoides - are synthesized from dietary essential fatty acids. B. Functions as autocrine and paracrine regulators .
6. Neural and hormonal control mechanism differs in following respects - E. A,B and C. Neural control is reflex mediated, Hormonal regulation is usually mediated via blood stream and depends on chemical nature of the hormone, which determines the receptor interaction.
7. Thyroid hormone typically secreted - C. Increased TRH, Increased TSH condition. As TSH is the mazor stimulating pituitary hormone for thyroid and that is under hypothalamic control of TRH.
8. From Amino acid tyrosine synthesized are - E. A, B and C as Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and Catecholamines along with melanine, Dopamine, DOPA are synthesized from tyrosine. ( more accurately it's precursor Phenyl Alanine - an essential Amino acid )
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