First, a small amount of liquid water was poured into a barrel. This water was t

Question

First, a small amount of liquid water was poured into a barrel. This water was then heated until it was boiling and steam started to escape from the barrel. The barrel was then sealed and a large quantity of ice was placed on top of the barrel. The ice cooled the contents of the barrel. A few minutes later the barrel collapsed spontaneously.

Assume that when the barrel was sealed, it contained pure saturated water vapour (no air) at 1 bar (100 kPa) pressure. The volume of the barrel is 0.21 m3 (55 US gallons).

When solving any thermodynamics problem, defining the system is a key step. This problem is easiest if you define the system to be the water (both liquid and vapour) that remains in the barrel when it is sealed. The attached thermodynamic tables give the values of different thermodynamic quantities for saturated water vapour (steam) and saturated liquid water.

On a clearly labeled P − V diagram (that includes the liquid-vapour envelope) and a P − T diagram (that includes the liquid-vapour phase boundary), sketch the processes describing the changes in the state of the water (liquid and vapour) inside the barrel. Clearly denote the following points:

i. when the system is initially at room temperature, ii. when it starts boiling,

iii. when the barrel is sealed, iv. when the barrel is crushed.

Explanation / Answer

pa pressure.

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