1/ Use the principle of superposition and the boundary conditions for a stretche

Question

1/ Use the principle of superposition and the boundary conditions for a stretched string with a fixed or free
end to explain the form of reflected pulses.
2/ Describe standing waves on a stretched string, recognising nodes and antinodes, and the relation to
superposition of two travelling waves.
3/ Explain and use the mathematical expression for a standing wave.
4/ Describe the basis for production of normal vibration modes of a stretched string or an air column.
5/ Explain the terms fundamental, harmonics, overtones.
6/ Use the expressions for frequency of the various modes.
7/ Explain the phenomenon of resonance. Use the phase of the interfering waves to determine the
conditions for and location of constructive and destructive resonance.
8/ Explain the role of resonance in excitation of normal modes.

Explain the role of pressure and displacement in a sound wave.
9/ Explain the phase difference between pressure and displacement values in a travelling sound wave.
10/ Explain the ways in which loudness, pitch and timbre affect the perception of sound.
11/ Explain the formation of beats by the superposition of sounds of two closely spaced frequencies.

12/ Explain the increase or decrease in detected frequency due to the Doppler effect, with either source
and/or listener moving.

13/ Explain why a different Doppler effect formula applies for electromagnetic waves; use that formula.
14/ Explain the characteristics of supersonic motion and the formation of shock waves.
15/ Use the expression relating shock cone half angle to the Mach number.

PLEASE ANSWER FOLLOW BY THE NUMBER :(

Explanation / Answer

12 ) the relationship between observed frequency f' and emitted frequency f is given by:

The frequency is decreased if either is moving away from the other.

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