Answers must be in essay form. This means complete sentences and ideally an intr

Question

Answers must be in essay form. This means complete sentences and ideally an introductory and concluding sentence. Labeled diagrams may be used to supplement discussion, but in no case will a diagram alone suffice. List, outline, or table format will not count for any points.


. Discuss the induced fit model of enzyme-substrate interaction. Include how substrate concentration, temperature changes, and competitive inhibition may affect that interaction.

. Discuss the similarities and differences between the biochemical pathways of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis.

. Membranes are important structural components of cells. Describe the role of membranes in the synthesis of ATP in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

help answering this 3 questions please ..

Explanation / Answer

Mechanism of Enzyme Catalysis:- The binding of a substrate to the active site of an enzyme is very specific. Active sites are a groove on the surface of an enzyme and are composed of amino acids. Substrate initially binds to the active site by non-covalent interaction. After binding the substrate, the enzyme accelerates the reaction. The reaction may involve a single substrate or two or more different substrate. The enzyme provides a template upon which the reactants are brought together and properly oriented to favour the formation of the transition state in which they interact.

Induce Fit theory: - According to this theory, when a suitable substrate approaching the active site of the enzyme and as it forms the enzyme-substrate complex, the substrate induces some conformational change in the enzyme. As a result, the attractive group and buttressing group form a complementary structure so that the catalytic group of the bond of the substrate to be broken.

Factor affecting enzyme activity : -   

Temperature:- With the increase in temperature there is an increase in the enzyme reaction. The optimum temperature for most of the enzyme is between 40C- 45C.Increase the temperature of optimum denature enzyme.   

Substrate Concentrate: -If Consider quantity of an enzyme is constant and then increase quantity substrate concentration increases suddenly, the speed of reaction will increase until it reaches a maximum peak. After this peak point, a speed of reaction will not increase. However, substrate concentration will increase.

Differences between the biochemical pathways of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis:- In this mechanism, With the help Chlorophyll - carbon dioxide water in the presence sunlight converted into an organic molecule (Glucose).

Aerobic Respiration:- Glycolysis is the aerobic respiration process. In this process Glucose breakdown into two molecules of Pyruvate and release water molecule during a reaction. Means it is the opposite process of Photosynthesis.

Role of membranes in the synthesis of ATP: -A proton motive force can be tapped by protein complexes known as ATP synthesis, which is reverse running proton pump that allows proton to cross membrane but in a manner that the drive of these protons to move from region of high proton concentration to region of low concentration.

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