Zoological Philosophy by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck modifications in the onvironmethe
ID: 212604 • Letter: Z
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Zoological Philosophy by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck modifications in the onvironmethent affects the shape and qrganization of animals, that is to say that when the produces in course of time shape and becomes very different, it race of animals, anization of animals. If a new environment, which has become permanent for some which become induces new habits in these animals, that is to say, leads them into new activities and in some cases the and in some canabitual, the result will be the use of some one part in preference to some other part total disuse of some part no longer 2. Nothing of all this in order to can be considered as hypothesis or private opinion; on the contrary, they are truths cons opted the hab made clear, only require atterntion and the observation of facts. Snakes have acualy repeatedawling on the ground and hiding in the grass, so that their body, as a result of rpose of passing through narrow spaces, has acquired a considerable l ing may useless to these animals and ength, quite out of proportion to its size. Now, legs would have been quite of crawling, and very short legs consequently unused. Long legs would have interfered with their need four. The diwould have been incapable of moving their body, since they could animals, and resulted in the complete disappearance dhsuse of these parts thus became permanent in the various races of these to the pian or reguated in the complete cdaparane of se same parts,although legs realy of these same parts, although legs really belong to the plan or organization of the animals of this class. 3. The frequent use of any tv organ, when confirmed by habit, increases the functions of that organ, leads tthe disuse of any organ modifies, reduces, and finally to its development, and oment, and endows it with a size and power that it does not possess in ania when exercise it less. We have it extinguishes it. I the constant use of any organ, accompanied by efforts to get the necessary. and enlarges that organ, or creates new ones to carry on the functions that most out of it shall now prove that have become 4. The bird which is dr water by its need of finding there the prey on which it lives, separates the digits of its feet in trying to strike the water and move these digits at their base acq separations of the digits; thus in course of time there are about on the surface. The skin which unites quires the habit of being stretched by these continually repeated formed large webs which unite the digits of peculiar shape and size of n we actually find them. It is interesting to observe the result of habit in the the giraffe; this animal, the largest of the mammals, is known to live in the interior of Africa in places where the soil is nearly always a browse on rid and barren, so that it is obliged to on leaves of trees and to make constant efforts to reach them. From this habit long maintained in all its race, it has s resulted that the animal's fore-legs have become longer than its hind legs, and that its neck is lengthened to such a degree that the giraffe, without standing up on its legs, attains a height of six meters (nearly twenty feet Philosophic Zoologique. Paris 1809. Translated by H. Ellot, Macmillan Company, London 1914 What is the role of the environment in Lamarck's explanation? t scientific approach is suggested by Lamarck's statement. "Nothing of all this can be considered as hypothesis or private opinion; on the contrary, they are truths which, in order to be made clear, ony require attention and the observation of facts." Was Lamarck's explanation scientific? Why or why not? Can you propose any other explanations for Lamarck's observations about the disuse and use of organs?Explanation / Answer
According to lamark the role of environment affects the shape and organisation of animals. Evolutionary evidence is the scientific approach suggested by lamark.ie observed phenomena should be analysed experimentally. Its not a scientific approach .no self evident truths in science.Only theories supported by evidence are considered else rejected. lamarks theory of inheritance states that acquired characters of an organism in an enviroment does not bring changes in the individuals set of genes.
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