question 2 through 5 NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Part lll
ID: 212746 • Letter: Q
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question 2 through 5
NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Part lll-Back in the Field; Public Health Campaign The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently reported that approximately 10 million people in Latin America are currently infected with T cruzi (4,8). This is over seven times the number of HIV/AIDS cases in the same region 7). Although the rate of T cruzi infection has been declining in recent years due to the effects of ongoing public health programs, approximately 75-90 milion people are potentially at risk of infection (9). The fact that people living in poor rural, and often remote areas are most at risk poses significant challenges in the fight against Chagas disease (9) Chagas disease is not only a concern for people living in Central and South America. In fact, it is estimated more than 300,000 T cruzi-infected people currently reside in the United States (4). The majority of these people were infected while living or traveling in endemic countries; however, the triatomine bugs that transmit the parasite live as far north as the central United States. A number of people have been infected from triatormine bug bites in California, Texas, Tennessee, and Louisiana (3). The risk to those in the United States is not necessarily limited to vectoral transmission. There are a number of other ways to become infected besides those mentioned in this case study (4,8,9) Questions 1. In addition to bites from infected triatomine bugs or ingestion of foods contaminated with T. cruzi, what are the other modes of transmission of this pathoger 2. Chagas disease is sometimes referred to as "a disease of poverty." Explain what is meant by the statement and whether you agree or disagree. 3. What can local governments and public health organizations in South America do in order to prevent the transmission of T. cruz 4. Create a poster or flyer that could be distributed to people in endemic areas who are at high risk for becoming infected by T. cruzi through oral or vectoral transmission that warns them of the risks of infection and informs them how to protect themselves. 5. List ways that people in the United States are at risk for Chagas disease. Prepare a service announcement in the form ofa short peh or slide show to inform Americans about thetik Chags disease poses to them and what they need to know to protect themselves References l. Andrade ZA (1999) Immunop athology of Chagas disease. Me nánar do Intan to On111, Cri94 Suppl. 1:7 i-80. 2 Batos, CJ. et al. (2010) Cinical outcomes of thirteen patients with acute Chagas disease acquired through oral transmission from rwo urban oubreaks in northeastern Brazil. PloS Negleted Trepical Dinses Jun 15; 4(0): e711 3. Bern, ., et al. (2011) Tppanesama mzr and Chagas. discase in the United States. Clinical Microbial D' Rennes 24 (4): 655-681 4. Centers for Disese Control and Prevention. Parasites-American Trypanosomiasis (also known as Chagas Disease). htrp://www. 5 Ndr AA. (eA C209) Oral ranmision of Cag ducasc by conumption of Acai palim fruit, Brail. Emrging lofection Diear: Apr, 15(0) 653-5 G. Pereira et al. (2009) Chagar' Daease as a Foodborne Iliness. Journal of Food Protection. Feb:72(2):441-6 7, UNAIDS, 2011 Globl AIDS Reposc Progess Reporting 2012 bup/www.unaids.org/document/2010123.GlobalReport. Chup2 em.pdf 8. wHo 2012) Chaga dnese (American typanosomiunsis). htp://www.who.in/mediacentre/factsheets/6340/en/index.html, WHO. 2002) Control of Chags dnease. Second report of the WHO Eapert Commitee. Technical Report Series No. 905, Geneva, 96 pp. Geneva. Photo of sugacane and sky in side block O sattapapan uratong- Fotolia.com, 1Dt40646184 Cane coryright held by the Cose Seudy Teaching in Scieace, Univensity at Bufalo, State Univerity of New York Oniginally published May 3. 2013 Plese sec our asage guidelines, which eualine our pollcy concerning permisible seproduction of chis work ick on Souch American Suparcane Plantacion" by Kevia M. Bonney Pagr sExplanation / Answer
1. The other modes of transmission include: pathogen can be transmitted from mother to child. From some studies, it is also evident that pathogen spread from eating uncooked food along with laboratory accidents, organ transplantation.
2. Yes, I agree that chagas disease is sometimes called as disease of poverty because this disease is more common in poor person than in richer person. At the same time, risk of the disease include such conditions that are more prevalent in poor person locality as compare to richer person.
3. Steps taken by government and public health organization include (i) Control of T. cruzi transmission by blood screening in order to transmit the vector through organ transplant and blood transfusion, using of insecticide, increase house cleanliness , better hygiene practices in food preparation as well as in toilets , new born screening in order to see the vector transmission.
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