The above is FIGURE 1 1. 3pts. List all the molecular biology techniques/methods

Question

The above is FIGURE 1

1. 3pts. List all the molecular biology techniques/methods used for his research work.

2. 1pt. State the significance of the work.

3. 2pts. "Inherited silencing of a germline gene by neuronal mobile RNAs in the parent foes not spread to the soma of the progeny" - Discuss with respect to the research work.

PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America NEW RESEARCH IN P hysical Sciences Soci a S cien ces Biologica Science s Sindhuja Devanapally, Snusha Ravikumar and Antony M. Jose PNAS February 17, 2015. 112(7) 2133-2138: published ahead of print February 2, 2015 htpsdoi.org 10.1073pias.1423333112 Edited by Gary Ruvun, Massachusuts General Hospital, Buston, MA and approved January 9,2015 (received for reviavs December 10, 2014) Article Figures & S Authors & Info PDF Significance The germline, which produces sperm or oocyte, is separated from other cells that generate the rest of the body, the soma, during early development in most animals. Somatic cells experience and respond to the environment in each generation, and it is unknown whether they can transmit information to the germline for inheritance into subsequent generations. We found that neurons of the worm Caenorhabdinis elegans can transmit double stranded RNA to the germline to initiate transgenerational silencing of a gene of matching sequence. To our knowiedge, these results demonstrate for the first time that a somatic tissue of an animal can have transgenerational effects on a gene through the transport of double-stranded RNA to the germine. Abstract An animal that can transfer gene-regulatory information from somatic cells to germ cells may be able to communicate changes in the soma from one generation to the next. In the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, expression of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in neurons can result in the export of dsRNA-derived mobile RNAs to other distant cells. Here, we show that neuronal mobile RNAs can cause transgenerational silencing of a gene of matching sequence in germ cells. Consistent with neuronal mobile RNAs being forms of dsRNA, silencing of target genes that are expressed either in somatic cells or in the germline requires the dsRNA-selective importer SID-1. In contrast to silencing in somatic cells, which requires dsRNA expression in each generation, silencing in the germline is heritable after a single generation of exposure to neuronal mobile RNAs. Although initiation of inherited silencing within the germline requires SID-1, a primary Argonaute RDE-1, a secondary Argonaute HRDE-1, and an RNase D homolog MUT-7, maintenance of inherited silencing is independent of SID-1 and RDE-1, but requires HRDE1 and MUT-7. Inherited silencing can persist for >25 generations in the absence of the ancestral source of neuronal dsRNA. Therefore, our results suggest that sequence-specific regulatory information in the form of dsRNA can be transferred from neurons to the gemline to cause transgenerational silencing. We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. By elicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to set C o ntF ind o

Explanation / Answer

1. Polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR, Gel electrophoresis and RNA I silencing are the methods used in this work.

2. This work demonstrate for the first time that animal somatic tissue might show transgenerational effect on a gene. Transgenerational effect is the inheritance that is passed from one generation to another without changing in the DNA primary sequence. This effect will be assisted by the double stranded RNA.  

3. Inherited silencing does not spread to soma because neuronal mobile RNA lacks for gfp-double stranded RNA.

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