16) Intracellular pathogens sometimes produce A) lipopolysaccharides that can ki

Question

16) Intracellular pathogens sometimes produce A) lipopolysaccharides that can kill phagocytes B) PAMPs C) PRRs D) leukocidins 17) Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are found on which of the following cells? A) macrophages B) bacteria C) neutrophils D) macrophages and neutrophils 18) Which of the following interact with toll-like receptors (TLRs)? A) bacterial LPS B) immunoglobulins C) major histocompatibility complex proteins D) none of these Toll responders to dnr se ro 19) Interaction of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) with a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) results in A) formation of transmembrane pores that cause cell lysis. B) transmembrane signal transduction that initiates transcription of genes involved in phagocytosis, inflammation, and pathogen killing. C) molecular activation of the adaptive immune system. D) a superantigen reaction that can cause septic shock

Explanation / Answer

16.D

Mechanism to Phagocytosis

- Some intracellular pathogens produce proteins called leukocidins that kill the phagocyte
- Leukocidin kills the phagocyte releasing the pathogen
- Dead Phagocytes make up much of the material of pus
- Ex, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus ( Major Leukocidin producers. Called pus forming (pyogenic) pathogens.

17. D

The mannose receptor (MR) is a PRR primarily present on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells.The early detection of pathogens afforded by PRRs leads to the prompt activation of dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and other innate immune populations required to contain the initial infection.

18. A interaction with LPS

19. C

Upon PAMP engagement, PRRs trigger intracellular signaling cascades ultimately culminating in the expression of a variety of proinflammatory molecules, which together orchestrate the early host response to infection, and also is a prerequisite for the subsequent activation and shaping of adaptive immunity.

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