could someone please help with these 2 questions I\'m struggling please and than
ID: 220231 • Letter: C
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could someone please help with these 2 questions I'm struggling please and thank u.
What are CODIS and NDIS? What DNA markers does CODIS use? How many markers does it use? To trace one's paternal and maternal lineages, what types of markers on what genome or chromosome should be used? 1. What are the differences between forensic DNA testing and medical DNA testing? How do you perform a paternity test? Do you support collecting DNA samples from all people, or all felons, or just those convicted of assault, rape and murder? Why or why not? 2.Explanation / Answer
CODIS is the acronym for the Combined DNA Index System and is the generic term used to describe the FBI’s program of support for criminal justice DNA databases as well as the software used to run these databases. The National DNA Index System or NDIS is considered one part of CODIS, the national level, containing the DNA profiles contributed by federal, state, and local participating forensic laboratories.
NDIS is the acronym for the “National DNA Index System” and is one part of CODIS—the national level—containing the DNA profiles contributed by federal, state, and local participating forensic laboratories. NDIS was implemented in October 1998. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, the federal government, the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory, and Puerto Rico participate in NDIS. The DNA Act specifies the categories of data that may be maintained in NDIS (convicted offenders, arrestees, legal, detainees, forensic [casework], unidentified human remains, missing persons, and relatives of missing persons) as well as requirements for participating laboratories relating to quality assurance, privacy, and expungement.
CSF1PO, FGA, THO1, TPOX, VWA, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, D1S1656, D2S441,D2S1338, D10S1248,D12S391, D19S433,D22S1045.
For forensic DNA profiles, all CODIS core loci must be attempted but atleast 8 of the original loci combined with match rarity of at least on in ten million are required for the submission to and searching at NDIS
For tracing one’s paternal and maternal lineage one should use the Y chromosome for paternal and mtDNA for maternal tracing
Forensic DNA testing uses DNA sequences to identify an individual for legal purposes. This type of testing can identify crime or catastrophe victims, rule out or implicate a crime suspect, or establish biological relationships between people (for example, paternity).
Medical DNA testing is used to identify or rule out a specific genetic or chromosomal condition. In many cases, genetic testing is used to confirm a diagnosis when a particular condition is suspected based on physical signs and symptoms. Medical DNA testing is used to detect gene mutations associated with disease. Medical DNA testing can be performed before birth or at any time during a person's life, but is not available for all genes or all genetic conditions. The results of a diagnostic test can influence a person's choices about health care and the management of the disorder.
Paternity can be determined by highly accurate tests conducted on blood or tissue samples of the father (or alleged father), mother and child. These tests have an accuracy range of between 90 and 99 percent. They can exclude a man who is not the biological father, and can also show the likelihood of paternity if he is not excluded. Each party in a contested paternity case must submit to genetic tests at the request of either party. If the father could be one of several men, each may be required to take a genetic test. There are several different ways to establish whether an alleged father is the natural and legal father of the minor child.
DNA is the genetic material present in every cell of the human body. Except in the case of identical multiple births, each individual's DNA is unique. A child receives half of his or her genetic material (DNA) from the biological mother, and half from the biological father. During DNA testing, the genetic characteristics of the child are compared to those of the mother. Characteristics that cannot be found in the mother must have been inherited from the father.
To conduct DNA testing, for paternity, either a blood test known as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) or a procedure called a Buccal scrap is used. A swab is rubbed vigorously against the inside of the subject's cheek. This provides a DNA sample for testing. Children can be tested at any age. Paternity testing can even be done on an umbilical cord blood specimen at birth. Since DNA is the same in every cell of the human body, the accuracy of testing performed on cheek cells utilizing the buccal swab is the same as an actual blood sample.DNA Paternity is the most accurate form of paternity testing possible. If DNA patterns between the child and the alleged father do not match on two or more DNA probes, then the alleged father can be totally ruled out. If the DNA patterns between mother, child, and the alleged father match on every DNA probe, the likelihood of paternity is 99.9 percent.
Yes, I support collecting DNA samples from all felons because the DNA testing of all felons would will rule out or implicate a crime suspect.
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