An average man has bout five liters of blood per minute (L/min) moving through e

Question

An average man has bout five liters of blood per minute (L/min) moving through each hit systemic and pulmonary circuits. Based on this, which of the following statements is true? a. The blood pressure in the two circuits is the same b. the velocity of blood in the two circuits is the same c. The flow of blood in the two circuit is the same d. The resistance the blood encounters in the two circuits is the same At the end of inspiration, the air pressure within the alveoli is a. less than atmospheric air pressure b. equal to atmospheric air pressure c. greater than atmospheric air pressure d. depends on the % humidity of the external air e. a low pressure front causing a series of thunderstorms in the immediate area If a baby is born prematurely at 32 weeks of development, why is it likely to be placed on a ventilator in the NICU? a. The surface area in the lungs is not yet large enough to support life b. the cartilage in the conducting airways has not yet formed, so the trachea and bronchi collapse with each breath c. The lungs are not yet creating an adequate amount of surfactant d. The walls of their alveoli are too think decreasing the rate of O2 and CO_2 diffusion e. Babies are lazy and can't do anything by themselves Think of a beaker containing water. What is one reason why gas "X" could diffuse from an area of low concentration in solution to an area of higher concentration in the atmosphere? a. the partial pressure of gas X(P_ x) in the solution less than the P_ x in the atmosphere b. low solubility of X in the solution c. total pressure in solution is higher than total atmospheric pressure d. the higher temperatures in the atmosphere increase diffusion rates of X e. the high concentration of CO_20 in solution forces X to diffuse against its gradient The atmosphere contains 21% O_2, yet after inhaling the alveoli only contain 14% O_2. Why? a. alveolar air is saturated with water b. conducting ai9rspaces are not completely emptied upon exhalation c. both a & b are correct d. the correct answer is not listed e. the question is incorrect - both the atmosphere and alveoli contain 21% O_2 What is the purpose of hemoglobin? a. it increases the amount of CO_2 dissolved in plasma b. it increases the amount of O_2 dissolved in plasma c. it increases the amount of CO_2 carried by the blood cells d. it increases the amount of O_2 carried by the blood cells

Explanation / Answer

18. d (Systemic and pulmonary circulation ciculates opposite type of circulation when they return blood to the opposite side of the heart spaces)

19. a (Alveolar pressure decreases during inspiration due to expansion of lung volume)

20. c (in a premature baby a number of body systems doesnot work properly. One of such system is synthesis of surfactant which is not synthesized in sufficient amount)

21. b (The gases diffuses from the low concentration in teh solution to higher concentration in atmosphere due to teh low solubility of gas X in teh solution)

22. a (This is due to the water content present in teh air as well as carbon dioxide, diffused from the bllod coming from tissues. The PP of oxygen in alveoli is about 14% of 760 mm Hg or 106.4 mm Hg. Carbon dioxide, which is 5.5% of alveolar air exerts a pressure of 41.8 mm Hg.)

23. d (Hb increases oxygen carrying capacity of RBC. 4 unit of Hb binds with oxygen with positive cooperatively)

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