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2. Assume two logic families have the following D.C. characteristics: Logic Fami

ID: 2248121 • Letter: 2

Question

2. Assume two logic families have the following D.C. characteristics: Logic Family "A” VOH 4.2 V | VOL-0.45 V | VIH3.60 V | VIL-1.60 V Logic Family "B" VOH = 3.7 V | Vol. = 0.37 V | VIH = 2.45 V | VIL-1.45 V (a) Calculate the following (show work): · (LO 1-14) DCNM A-B · (LO 1-14) DCNM B-A . (LO 1-20) Practical Fanout AB LO 1-20) Practical Fanout B-+A (b) Draw the circuit and calculate the value of the current limiting resistor for a Type “A" gate driving an LED to the maximum brightness possible in a current sourcing configuration. Assume Vled is 1.5V. (LO 1-21) (c) Draw the circuit and calculate the value of the current limiting resistor for a Type “B” gate driving an LED to the maximum brightness possible in a current sinking configuration. Assume Vled is 1.5V. (LO 1-21)

Explanation / Answer

DCNM - Direct Current Noise Margin:

DC margin is a measure of noise that is needed to corrupt a worst-case output voltage into a value that can not be recognized properly by the input.

ie.The maximum DC voltage amplitude that shall be added algebraically to the noise-free worst-case input without causing the output voltage to deviate from the allowable voltage level.

the formula for calculating the noise margin is given by,

DCNM = min { Vohmin - VIhmin , VILmax - V0Lmax }

A.1) calculate DCNM A-B

from the given data,

Vohmin = Voh ( in family A) = 4.2 v

VIhmin = VIh ( in family B) = 2.45 v

VILmax = VIL ( in family B) = 1.45 v

V0Lmax = V0L (in family A) = 0.45 v

ie when DCNM A-B, the output voltages in formula (Vohmin,V0Lmax) are taken from family A and the input voltages in formula (VIhmin,VILmax) are taken from family B.

DCNM A-B = min { 4.2 - 2.45 , 1.45-0.45 }

= min { 1.75 , 1.0 }

= 1.0

A.2) calculate DCNM B-A

from the given data,

Vohmin = Voh ( in family B) = 3.7 v

VIhmin = VIh ( in family A) = 3.60 v

VILmax = VIL ( in family A) = 1.60 v

V0Lmax = V0L (in family B) = 0.37 v

ie when DCNM B-A , the output voltages in formula (Vohmin,V0Lmax) are taken from family B and the input voltages in formula (VIhmin,VILmax) are taken from family A.

DCNM A-B = min { 3.70 - 3.60 , 1.60 - 0.37 }

= min {0.10 , 1.23 }

= 0.10

Fanout:

The Fan out is defined as the number of gate inputs that a gate output can drive without exceeding the worstcase loading specifications.

Fan-out depends on the characteristic of both the output devices and the inputs driven.

a practical fan-out is the minimum of the HIGH and LOW state fan-outs.

Practical Fan-out = min { IOHmax / IIH , IOLmax / IIL }

A.3) calculate Practical Fan-out A-B

from the given data,

IOHmax = IOH ( in family A) = -8 mA

IIH = IIH ( in family B) = 42 uA = 0.042 mA

IOLmax = IOL ( in family A) = 8 mA

IIL = IIL (in family B) = -0.42 mA

ie when DCNM A-B, the output currents in formula (IOHmax , IOLmax ) are taken from family A and the input currents in formula (IIH , IIL) are taken from family B.

Practical Fan-out = min { IOHmax / IIH , IOLmax / IIL }

= min { -8 / 0.042 ,8 / -0.42 }

= min { -190.476 ,-19.047 }

= -19.047

~= 20        // fan out is a absolute number without sign

A.4) calculate Practical Fan-out B-A

from the given data,

IOHmax = IOH ( in family B) = -0.550 mA

IIH = IIH ( in family A) = 0.3 uA =0.0003 mA

IOLmax = IOL ( in family B) = 8.5 mA

IIL = IIL (in family A) = -0.25uA = -0.00025 mA

ie when DCNM A-B, the output currents in formula (IOHmax , IOLmax ) are taken from family A and the input currents in formula (IIH , IIL) are taken from family B.

Practical Fan-out = min { IOHmax / IIH , IOLmax / IIL }

= min { -0.550 / 0.0003 ,8.5 / -0.00025 }

= min { -1833.33 ,-34000 }

= -1833.33

~= 1833         // fan out is a absolute number without sign