Postlab 1) As concerns measurements on the human body, why is an instrumentation
ID: 2250311 • Letter: P
Question
Postlab 1) As concerns measurements on the human body, why is an instrumentation amplifier 2) What differences in the body can influence the ability of the ECG amplifier to make 3) Wire can act as antennas. What other signals in the room and in the general used instead of just a differential amplifier? measurements? environment around us can influence the ability of the ECG amplifier to make measurements? 4) Given the simplicity of creating an ECG amplifier in this lab, explain why medical 5) In a commercial ECG system, an alarm is sounded if the heart rate stops being 6) Cardiac circuits in a hospital must be able to protect themselves from the electrical nstrumentation 1s so expensive detected. How could one add this function to the circuit in this lab? shock that a defibrillator gives (several 100 volts). How could you protect the circuit developed in this lab?Explanation / Answer
Instrumentation amplifiers:
Most of the Biomedical sensors ( such as blood pressure sensors, ultrasound transducers) are of very high impedence and require a very high impedence presented by the instrumentation amplifier to avoid loading effects of biopotential electrodes which leads to distortion of signal.
The biomedical environment is one of the most electrically noisy environment ( these noise are of higher magnitude than the biosignals), hence the amplifier need high level of noise rejection. This high level noise rejection is supplied by the instrumentation amplifier but not by the differential amplifiers.
Factors affecting ECG amplifier measurements:
Movements of human body ( ie muscles ) during the measurement of ECG amplifier may lead to artifacts due to both the electric fields generated by the muscle and the movement effect on the electrode contacts with leads.
Thus artifacts are used to indicate a false measurement in ECG that is not made by the heart ( but actually the ECG is to measure heart-made electrical signals)
Therefore we can say that the movement of muscles and also the improper contact of electrodes to the human body may affect the ECG amplifier measurements.
Signals that Affect ECG amplifier Measurements:
Power line interference is a significant source of noise for biopotential measurements. Most of the interference are electro magnetic interferences due to the power lines or supply lines that flows all along the room with 50 or 60hz frequency.
These electro magnetic interferences will degrade the tiny signal measurements made by the biomeasurement devices.
Baseline Wander is the interference to biopotential measurements that are generated due to the variations in the electrode-skin impedence.
Why Medical equipments are so expensive?
In our labs we are studying the basic design of the medical equipments, this may looks so simple and lead us a question that why are these simple equipments are so expensive?
the basic design is shown in our lab and we need to take ultimate care in manufacturing these medical equipments, since these are used by patients.
The medical equipments are made out of expensive parts and with talent workers to ensure that no harm is made to the patients using them.
Also these equipements must be checked for several times to ensure correct and proper working of these equipments. a small change or error in the equipment output may lead to severe effects on the patient health.
thus we need to provide a highly sophisticated equipments and so it is so expensive.
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