Geology Quiz 2- Minerals &Rocks; (25 pts total) 1) An isotope is a. An atom with

Question

Geology Quiz 2- Minerals &Rocks; (25 pts total) 1) An isotope is a. An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons b. An atom with the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons c. An atom that has gained or lost electrons and thus has a positive or negative charge d. An atom that has gained or lost protons and thus has a positive or negative charge 2) A form of chemical bonding based on tightly sharing outer shell electrons is known as a. Covalent bonding. b. lonic bonding c. metallic bonding. d. Van der Waals bonding. 3) In general, the weakest type of chemical bonding in minerals is: a. Covalent bonding b. lonic bonding. c. metallic bonding. d. Van der Waals bonding. 4) Which of the following groups of elements would be the most abundant in the Earth's crust? a. Si, Al,o b. H, C,N . M&. Fe, Ca d. K, Na, Ca Which of the following minerals consists entirely of a three-dimensional network of interconnected silica tetrahedra? 5) a. Olivine. b. Mica. c. asbestos. d. quartz. 6) Which of the following minerals would be most abundant in the Earth's mantle? a. Olivine. b. Mica. c. asbestos d. quartz. 7) Three of the following minerals are silicate minerals; which one is a carbonate rather than a silicate? a. Olivine. b. Mica. Icite. d. feldspar feldspar 8) Three of the following statements about the mineral montmorillonite are true; which of these statements is incorrect? a. Montmorilonite is extremely prone to shrink-swell behavior as it absorbs or expels a. water. The crystal structure of montmorillonite is characterized by tetrahedral-octahedral (T-O) layering as opposed to T-O-T layering Montmorillonite has the highest specific surface area and thus the highest cation exchange potential of any common clay mineral. Montmorillonite finds uses in engineering as a drilling lubricant and in the engineering of impermeable barriers c. d.

Explanation / Answer

1.Answer is (a)

An isotope is an atom with same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

2. Answer is (a).

The bonds that are formed when atoms share electrons are called covalent bonds.

3. Answer is (d)

Van der Waals bonds are very weak bonds formed by residual charges from the other type of chemical bonds.Bonds in graphite are the best example for the nature of Van der Waalls bonds.

4.Answer is (a)

The most abundent minerals in the earth's crust are silicon 27.7%,oxygen 46.6%,aluminum 8.1%.

5. Answer is (d)

quartz consists of 3-D network of interconected silica tetrahedra.

6. Answer is (a)

Olivine is the most abundant mineral in earth's mantle.

7.Answer is (c)

calcite is a carbonate mineral rather than silicate.

8. Answer is (b)

The crystal structure of montmorillonite is characterized by tetrahedral-octahedral layering as opposed to T-O-T layering.

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