Geology Review Questions for Test #3 (Chapters 16, 11 & 12) Chapter 16 What perc
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Geology Review Questions for Test #3 (Chapters 16, 11 & 12)
Chapter 16
What percentage of the World’s population lives near a shoreline?
What causes the tides?
Be able to describe wave crests, wave troughs, wave height, and wave length. What type of path does the water take in a wave?
How is a breaker formed?
How does a long shore current form?
How does a rip current form?
Describe and identify the features formed by the movement of sand along the shoreline: spit, baymouth bar, tombolo, barrier islands.
Describe and identify the features formed along an erosional shoreline: wave-cut cliffs, stacks, arches and caves.
Describe and identify the features of the barrier island.
Describe and identify an estuary.
Compare and contrast the features of an emergent, erosional coastline to a submergent, depositional coastline.
Discuss the benefits of wetlands and the causes of wetland loss.
Why is New Orleans below sea level?
What are the different types of structures and processes used in the efforts to stabilize beaches?
How will marine transgression or regression affect a shoreline or barrier island complex?
Chapter 11
What is the major force driving all mass wasting?
Explain factors that can control or cause mass wasting including slope angle, water, vegetation, weathering and climate.
Describe different types of mass wasting.
How does mass wasting contribute to stream valley formation?
Where would mass wasting occur most often?
Chapter 12
Identify all of the steps that water/moisture can take in the hydrologic cycle.
Where does most of Earth’s fresh water exist?
What is a drainage basin?
What are the common types of drainage patterns and where would they form?
Identify all of the features associated with youthful, mature, and old age stages of drainage.
Identify all of the features associated with a river/stream.
What is the gradient of a river?
How does a river transport its load of sediment?
What is local base level? What is ultimate base level?
What is a gradient profile?
What is headward erosion? Lateral erosion?
Explanation / Answer
Chapter 16
About 40% of the world's population live near shoreline.
The gravitational pull of moon and sun causes sea levels to fall and rise periodically, called tides.
In a wave, the highest point is called wave crest, the lowest point wave trough, the vertical distance between wave crest and wave trough is called wave height and the horizontal distance between two successive crests or troughs is called wavelength. In wave the water molecules move up and down.
A breaker is formed near shoreline where water is shallow. The wave coming towards the shoreline as the depth of water decreases , strikes the shoreline and form a breaker wave.
Chapter 11
Major factors driving mass wasting:
Terrain slope- greater the slope, greater the possibility of mass wasting
Water saturation/content- greater water content in rock decreases friction and increases possibility of mass wasting
Type and intensity of vegetation- vegetation holds the soil and prevent from mass wasting but on the same time their roots cut through the rocks making them more vulnerable to mass wasting
Amount or chemical weathering- it loosens the rocks and make the rocks vulnerable to mass wasting.
Climate- climate controls the intensity of weathering, amount of rainfall and type of vegetation.
Types of mass wasting:
Avalanche- sudden fall of huge mass from a near vertical cliff.
Landslides- sliding of rocks on sloping ground, usually associated with earthquakes.
Soil creep- slow movement of soil over gently sloping ground.
Mass wasting occurs most oftenly at sloping unstable grounds, where seismic events are frequent, tropical climate with active chemical weathering, and water saturated formations.
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