What is the radius of Jupiter? 6479 km 31227 km 71492 km 98351 km 1 points QUEST
ID: 232760 • Letter: W
Question
What is the radius of Jupiter?
6479 km
31227 km
71492 km
98351 km
1 points
QUESTION 2
Given that Earth’s radius is 6378 km, what percentage of Earth’s radius is Jupiter’s radius?
82%
114%
945%
1120%
1 points
QUESTION 3
What is the mass of Jupiter in relation to Earth?
42.95 Earth masses
317.88 Earth masses
658.42 Earth masses
1036.33 Earth masses
1 points
QUESTION 4
What is the angular size of Jupiter as seen from Earth?
14 arcseconds
24 arcseconds
33 arcseconds
47 arcseconds
1 points
QUESTION 5
What is Jupiter’s orbit size?
5.2026 au
15.5691 au
20.7235 au
41.9130 au
1 points
QUESTION 6
What is the length of a sidereal day for Jupiter?
1.5832 hours
6.6562 hours
9.9280 hours
127.047 hours
1 points
QUESTION 7
What is the length of a solar day for Jupiter?
1.6437 hours
4.1892 hours
7.6935 hours
9.9289 hours
1 points
QUESTION 8
How long is a year on Jupiter?
0.46 years
4.94 years
11.86 years
16.44 years
1 points
QUESTION 9
In which constellation is Jupiter on June 1, 2014?
Libra
Scorpio
Aries
Gemini
1 points
QUESTION 10
What is Jupiter’s current apparent magnitude?
-1.87
0.18
1.87
187.0
1 points
QUESTION 11
How far is Jupiter currently from Earth?
2.674 au
5.996 au
8.932 au
18.295 au
1 points
QUESTION 12
For a superior planet, the distance at opposition is calculated by subtracting the Earth’s distance from the Sun (1 au) from the planet’s orbit size. What is Jupiter’s distance at opposition?
7.2323 au
4.2026 au
0.3124 au
1.4109 au
1 points
QUESTION 13
The distance at conjunction is calculated by adding the planet’s orbit size to Earth’s distance from the Sun (1 au). What is Jupiter’s distance at conjunction?
6.2026 au
8.6276 au
10.9549 au
16.2313 au
1 points
QUESTION 14
Lab 9 Figure 3 - Click Image to Enlarge
Jupiter's Moons
For the next section of the lab, we will use the Starry Night software to learn about Jupiter's moons. Starry Night will display 39 of Jupiter's moons. Keep in mind that Jupiter actually has more than 60 moons and more will probably be discovered. We want a closer look at the four largest moons (also called the Galilean satellites, first viewed by Galileo in 1610): Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.
Click the plus sign (+) icon (a gray arrow for Mac) next to Jupiter in the Find side pane. This action lists Jupiter's moons. Click the first checkbox for each of the Galilean satellites (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto). This action labels the moons on your screen. To see both the planet and the moons, you might have to pan out by using the Zoom control buttons at the far right of the control panel. Keep in mind that the moons might be out of sight behind the planet itself. In that case, use the 3000x time speed setting on the control panel to move time forward so that the moons are clearly visible. Remember that as you move time forward, you might need to select Hide Horizon and Hide Daylight from the View menu.
Let's take a closer look at each moon. Double-click Io in the list to center Io on your screen. Use the Zoom control buttons to get a close-up view. Click the information icon (i) in the left side pane to read a short description of this moon. Then select the Info tab on the left side pane and click the plus sign (+) (a gray arrow for Mac) to expand the different information categories. Repeat these steps to view each of the four Galilean satellites.
Note how small the ratio of each moon's mass is when compared to the mass of Jupiter itself. Although the Galilean satellites are some of the largest moons in the solar system, their mass ratios are very small and have little gravitational effect on Jupiter. In contrast, Earth's moon-to-planet mass ratio is one of the largest in the solar system at 0.0123 (or 1.23%).
Note how close Io is to its parent planet in multiples of Jupiter's radius. Compare this with our own moon, whose distance from Earth is more than 60 times Earth's radius. When a large moon is too close to its parent planet, the tidal forces are so great that they try to rip the moon apart. The critical distance, known as the Roche limit, is the closest distance a large moon can exist in orbit around a planet without being ripped to shreds. Moons are thus generally found outside the Roche limit; ring systems are usually found within the Roche limit. An interesting point to make is that although Io is outside the Roche limit, it is relatively close and is, therefore, subjected to tremendous tidal forces. These forces cause internal friction and generate heat. Thus Io has a hot interior and is volcanically active.
You will need the information provided about Io in the description section of the Info side pane to answer some of the questions. Remember that the last moon you checked in the Find side pane will be the one that appears in the Info side pane. If the information for Io is not currently displaying in the Info side pane, uncheck and re-select its leftmost box in the Find side pane.
After you have had a chance to explore, use the Starry Night software to answer these questions.
What is the radius of Io?
1216 km
1574 km
1815 km
2318 km
1 points
QUESTION 15
Next select Europa. Again, remember that the last moon you checked in the Find side pane will be the one that appears in the Info side pane.
Given Earth’s Moon’s radius of 1737 km, what is Europa’s radius in multiples of Earth’s Moon’s radius (divide Europa’s radius by Earth’s Moon’s radius)?
0.090
0.903
1.903
9.033
1 points
QUESTION 16
Select Ganymede in the Find side pane.
What is the mass of Ganymede?
0.0054 Earth masses
0.0248 Earth masses
0.1023 Earth masses
0.2425 Earth masses
1 points
QUESTION 17
Select Callisto in the Find side pane.
Given that the mass of Earth’s Moon is 0.0123 Earth masses, what is the mass of Callisto in multiples of Earth’s Moon's mass?
1.463
1.846
4.317
8.902
1 points
QUESTION 18
What is the orbit size of Callisto in astronomical units?
0.0046 au
0.0084 au
0.0126 au
0.0442 au
1 points
QUESTION 19
What is the orbit size of Europa in kilometers?
671076.9 km
96214.8 km
124428.7 km
228846.4 km
1 points
QUESTION 20
How long is a sidereal day on Io?
14.2852 hours
27.9699 hours
42. 4593 hours
65.9691 hours
1 points
QUESTION 21
How long is a solar day on Ganymede?
7.1546 days
7.1664 days
7.2465 days
7.3691 days
1 points
QUESTION 22
What percentage of Io’s surface is covered by volcanoes?
1%
5%
10%
20%
1 points
QUESTION 23
How many active volcanoes were found on Io by Voyager 1?
2
4
8
16
1 points
QUESTION 24
What is the average surface temperature of Io?
55 K
120 K
250 K
590 K
1 points
QUESTION 25
What is the temperature on Io near active volcanoes?
55 K
120 K
250 K
590 K
1 points
QUESTION 26
What is the maximum height of volcanic eruption plumes on Io?
70 km
140 km
220 km
280 km
1 points
QUESTION 27
Lab 9 Figure 4 - Click Image to Enlarge
Jupiter's Satellite Orbital Characteristics
For the next section of the lab, we will use the Starry Night software to observe some of Jupiter's satellite orbital characteristics.
Zoom back out so that you can see Jupiter and its moons. From the Labels drop-down menu select Planets-Moons to see the names of other moons. Double-click Jupiter in the Find side pane to center on Jupiter; zoom out slowly to see how many moons you can observe. Select the 3000x time speed on the control panel and watch the moons orbit Jupiter. (If you haven't already turned off the Horizon and Daylight, select Hide Daylight andHide Horizon from the View drop-down menu.) For best results, so that the smaller moons will be displayed, Jupiter should cover about a third of your screen. Watch the moons orbit Jupiter for a bit. The tilting is a result of our local perspective. You can remove this effect by selecting Orientation from the Options drop-down menu, and then selecting Ecliptic. Why do the moons move from side to side rather than in circles around Jupiter? This also has to do with perspective. Because Jupiter's satellite orbital plane lies along the ecliptic (the plane of our solar system), we can observe Jupiter only from the side.
Let's take a closer look at satellite orbits. To better visualize the satellite orbital motion, enable both the first and second set of checkboxes in the Find side pane for each of the four Galilean satellites; this action labels and traces their respective orbits around Jupiter. Again, you might have to adjust the Zoom control to better view the orbital plane. Animate the orbits by selecting a time speed of 3000x.
The fastest moon moves so quickly around Jupiter that we can often note a change in its position during a single evening's observing session. Slowly move time forward using the 300x or 3000x time speeds until just before the moon begins to pass behind the limb of Jupiter. Double-click the moon to center it, then zoom in and observe this event slowly using the 30x time speed. If this occurs on the dark side, you will have to take extra care with your observations.
To see some different viewing perspectives of the moons, right-click (Control-click for Mac) Jupiter and select Graph Elongation of Moons. The graph shows the angular separation between the four Galilean satellites and Jupiter. Notice the high frequency for the fastest moon.
To calculate maximum elongation, turn on the Angular Separation tool by selecting it from the cursor tool drop-down menu. Center your pointer on Jupiter and then click and drag to the farthest extent of the moon's orbit (make sure that the orbit trace is on). The angular separation will be displayed.
You can move time forward with the time speed controls on the control panel, or you can simply grab the graph and drag to the left or right. You can also expand the horizontal resolution of the graph by clicking the plus and minus indicators at the top left of the graph. To increase the vertical resolution, grab the bottom of the graph and pull down. By moving the graph back and forth to look for different alignments, you can answer the following questions.
Which of the four Galilean satellites travels the fastest?
Io
Europa
Callisto
Ganymede
1 points
QUESTION 28
Which of the four Galilean satellites travels the slowest?
Io
Europa
Callisto
Ganymede
1 points
QUESTION 29
Set your date and time for June 1, 2014, at 1:00 PM (It is important that your computer is set to Phoenix time). Moving forward, at what time does Io begin passing behind Jupiter’s limb? (Ignore the hint in the walkthrough about adding 2 hours to these times.)
June 1, 2014 1:18pm
June 1, 2014 2:26pm
June 1, 2014 3:42pm
June 1, 2014 5:36pm
1 points
QUESTION 30
At what time does Io complete its pass behind Jupiter’s limb?
June 1, 2014 4:45pm
June 1, 2014 5:16pm
June 1, 2014 5:57pm
June 1, 2014 6:22pm
1 points
QUESTION 31
About how much time passed between when Io began to pass behind the limb of Jupiter to when Io was completely obscured?
1.5 minutes
3.4 minutes
9 minutes
13.5 minutes
1 points
QUESTION 32
What is the amount of time it takes for a complete cycle of Ganymede?
About 1 day
About 3.5 days
About 7 days
About 10.5 days
1 points
QUESTION 33
What is the amount of time it takes for a complete cycle of Europa?
About 1 day
About 3.5 days
About 7 days
About 10.5 days
1 points
QUESTION 34
What is the maximum elongation of Callisto?
0° 1’ 56”
0° 2’ 46”
0° 4’ 56”
0° 6’ 58”
1 points
QUESTION 35
Starting from June 1, 2014, at 1:00 PM, what is which time is a viewing opportunity to see all moons on the same side of Jupiter? (To find the first viewing opportunity using the graph, expand the horizontal graph by clicking on the "+" button in the upper left corner and move time forward until all the lines are above the central line.) Or you could just look at the moons to see when they are all on one side. Make sure the moons are not dark (not in Jupiter's shadow). You want all of the moons to be on one side and illuminated by the sun.
6:00 AM
12:00 PM
3:00 PM
6:00 PM
1 points
QUESTION 36
Lab 9 Figure 5 - Click Image to Enlarge
Jupiter's Orbital Characteristics
We will use the Starry Night software to observe the characteristics of Jupiter's orbit. Hide the graph from the top of the screen by dragging its lower border up until the graph disappears. Return to using the Adaptive cursor by selecting it from the drop-down cursor tool menu.
Use the Zoom control at the far right of the control panel to zoom back out to full-scale view. Right-click (Control-click for Mac) Jupiter and select Orbit. This action shows Jupiter's orbital path as seen from Earth. Make sure that the Horizon and Daylight are turned off. You should still be locked on to Jupiter. If not, right-click (Control-click for Mac) the planet Jupiter and select Centre. To maintain the proper perspective, select Orientation from the Options drop-down menu and then select Ecliptic. Plot the Ecliptic on the sky by selecting View/Ecliptic guides and then choosing The Ecliptic.
Enter June 1, 2014 in the Time and Date field and click the Sunset button. Note the constellation that Jupiter is in on this date. Select 1 days from the Time Flow Rate drop-down list and click the Play time mode button. If you need to slow down or speed up, adjust the Time Flow Rate field as needed.
You should see Jupiter locked in the center of your field of view as it moves across the starry background. The planet should complete a full revolution in less than a minute.
For a superior planet such as Jupiter, it is of interest to determine the dates of conjunction and opposition. Conjunction is when the planet lines up with the Sun as viewed from Earth. This occurs when the planet is on the opposite side of the Sun as compared to Earth. Opposition is when the planet is on the same side of the Sun as us, but beyond the Earth so that it appears high in our night sky around midnight. This is the best position for observing the planet (being high in the night sky and positioned closest to Earth as a result of its orbit).
To determine the date of conjunction, step through the orbit using the Run Time Forward and Step Time Forward buttons on the control panel until the planet lines up with the Sun (it won't be exact, because the planet usually passes just above or below the Sun). You might find it helpful to step forward and backward one day at a time until you have the best alignment. Use this method to find the next date of conjunction for Jupiter. Record the date of next conjunction and the constellation that Jupiter is in on that date.
Next we will view the bigger picture. To view the position of Jupiter as seen from outer space and compare it to the positions of the other planets, open the Favourites menu and select B-Solar System then Outer Solar System. Click the Stop time mode button and move the date back to the date of next conjunction that you just identified. Use the Zoom control to zoom in so that Jupiter's orbit fills the screen. On the Find tab, enable both the planet and orbit checkboxes for Earth. Earth and its orbit should appear. Centre on the Sun and zoom in until Jupiter's Orbit fills the screen.
To determine the next date of opposition, step forward one day at a time until Earth is directly between the Sun and Jupiter. Try to imagine a straight line from the Sun, through Earth, to Jupiter. Although this method is not very precise, it will give you a general idea of when opposition will occur. Note the date of next opposition. You will need it to answer the question.
Here is a link to a Wikipedia picture show conjunction and opposition for planets exterior to Earth's orbit.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Positional_astronomy.svg
After you have had a chance to explore, use the Starry Night software to answer these questions.
In what constellation is Jupiter on June 1, 2014?
Virgo
Libra
Gemini
Cancer
1 points
QUESTION 37
What is the date of next conjunction for Jupiter, starting after June 1, 2014?
July 24, 2014
December 8, 2014
February 6, 2015
August 26, 2015
1 points
QUESTION 38
In what constellation is Jupiter on the date of next conjunction?
Virgo
Libra
Gemini
Cancer
1 points
QUESTION 39
What is the date of next opposition for Jupiter, starting from June 1, 2014?
July 24, 2014
December 8, 2014
February 6, 2015
August 26, 2015
1 points
QUESTION 40
Lab 9 Figure 6 - Click Image to Enlarge
Flying to Jupiter
In the final section of this lab, we will explore from Jupiter's surface. Let's see what a day (technically referred to as a solar day) would be like on Jupiter. The easiest way to experience a solar day is by watching a sunset, taking note of the date and time, watching another consecutive sunset, and then calculating the time difference between the two events. For the purposes of this exercise, make sure that the date is set to June 1, 2014, click the Sunset button, and turn off planet labels and elliptical tracks.
Right-click (Control-click for Mac) Jupiter and select Go There from the menu. Note: You can animate the journey by first deselecting the Only animate intra planet changes checkbox under File/Preferences/Responsiveness. Be sure that your horizon is turned on so that you can see the photorealistic surface panorama.
View the surface of Jupiter by selecting Other from the Viewing Location drop-down menu and then selecting The Surface of, Jupiter from the View From drop-down menu. Type 0N, 0E in the latitude longitude tab. After arriving on the Surface of Jupiter, click the W viewing direction button on the button bar or press the W key on the keyboard. Next, select 1 minute from the Time Flow Rate drop-down list and click the Play time modebutton.
When the Sun is near setting, click the Stop button. Use the Step Forward and Step Backward time mode buttons until you see the Sun just starting to set. You might have to select a smaller unit of time until the Sun is just touching the horizon. Note the date and time of this event. Continue on to the next sunset, note the time, and calculate the time difference between the two events. This difference is the length of a solar day on Jupiter. Record this information (you will need it to answer the questions).
If you are unable to see the Sun to the west during sunset, first click the Sunset button; click the checkbox to the left of the Sun in the Find side pane to label the Sun; then pan to the left (SW) or right (NW) until you see the Sun. If you still have trouble locating the Sun, right-click (Control-click for Mac) the Sun in the Find side pane and select Centre. You will have to unlock the Sun before continuing with this activity. The easiest way to unlock is to simply grab the sky (click and hold the left mouse button) and then move the mouse a little bit in any direction.
The solar day is not the same as the sidereal rotation period of a planet. This is because the solar day takes into account both the rotation of the planet and the revolution of the planet around the Sun. Your calculation of a solar day can now be compared to the length of a sidereal day found in the Info side pane earlier in this activity.
To determine the revolutionary period, or a planet's "year," we will return to the solar system view. From the Favourites menu, select C-The Planets/Outer Planets/Outer Solar System. Select 1 Days from the Time Flow Rate drop-down list (or something slightly slower), click the Play time mode button, and then note the time it takes for the planet to return to its original position (you might have to increase the number of days depending on the speed of your computer). You might find it easiest to align the planet to the furthest left or right before starting. Write down your observation (you will need it to answer the questions).
After you have had a chance to explore, use the Starry Night software to answer these questions.
When did the first sunset take place at 0N, 0E on Jupiter (make sure that your date and time were set to sunset in Phoenix on June 1, 2014, this is about 2:30 UT, June 2 on Jupiter - BTW: it is also 2:30 UT on Earth as well)?
June 1, 2014; 20:45 UT
June 2, 2014; 4:44 UT
June 2, 2014; 18:12 UT
June 2, 2014; 21:54 UT
0 points
QUESTION 41
When did the second sunset take place at 0N, 0E on Jupiter (make sure that your date and time were originally set to sunset in Phoenix on June 1, 2014, this is about 2:30 UT, June 2 on Jupiter)?
June 2, 2014; 14:41 UT
June 3, 2014; 05:50 UT
June 1, 2014; 13:14 UT
June 2, 2014; 17:54 UT
0 points
QUESTION 42
What is the length of a solar day on Jupiter based on the date and times you observed for the sunsets?
5.1 hours
7. 3 hours
9.9 hours
14.5 hours
1 points
QUESTION 43
Assuming a start date of June 1, 2014, in what year does Jupiter complete its first full revolution?
2015
2020
2025
2030
6479 km
31227 km
71492 km
98351 km
Explanation / Answer
1.
Radius of Jupiter is
RJ=71492 Km
2.
RJ/RE =(71492/6378)*100 %
RJ/RE =1120 %
3.
Mass of Jupiter
MJ=1.898*1027 Kg
Mass of earth
ME =5.972*1024
so
MJ/ME =1.898*1027/5.972*1024
MJ/ME =317.88
MJ=317.88ME
5.
5.2026 au is the answer
6.
9.9280 hours is the answer
8.
11.86 years is the answer
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