MODULE E WATER By Lynn Zeigler LAB EXERCISES Water: Where Does It Come From? How
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MODULE E WATER By Lynn Zeigler LAB EXERCISES Water: Where Does It Come From? How We Use Water/How Good Is It? Where Does Water Go? INTRODUCTION The Earth's hydrosphere contains approximately 1.36 billion cubic kilometers of water The bulk of that water is located in the Earth's oceans (approximately 97.2%). Much of the rest of Earth's water is locked up in ice (2.1 596). This leaves only around 0.65% of all of Earth's water available to us as freshwater resources (groundwater, lakes, streams, and the atmosphere). Solar radiation drives the hydrologic cycle which moves water from one reservoir to another. 139 The hydrologic cycle (specifically evaporation) is responsible for producing the fresh water that many living organisms (including humans) are dependent upon. Although the percentages of freshwater re- sources are quite small, the overall quantity of fresh- water is still quite large. This fresh water, however, is not evenly distributed across the continents. More than half of Georgia's population relies than half of Georgia's population relies on a single surface water source for most of its water needs. In addition to the issue of quantity, humans (as well as other species) have to deal with the issue of qual- ity. Any chemical on the surface of the earth that is soluble in water can wash into lakes, streams, and rivers (surface water). Even insoluble materi- als such as plastics, rocks, soil, and hubcaps can be carried by fast-moving water. Buried chemicals may move (leach) into groundwater, which may then be pumped to the surface or may emerge in low areas to enter lakes and streams.Explanation / Answer
1) Fresh Water
2) Groundwater, Lakes, Streams and atmosphere
3) Watershed
4)Yes
5)pH,temperature, coliform bacteria, dissolved nitrogen,oxygen, phosphorous
6)pH : pH indicates the sample's acidity but is actually a measurement of the potential activity of hydrogen ions (H+) in the sample. pH measurements run on a scale from 0 to 14, with 7.0 considered neutral. Solutions with a pH below 7.0 are considered acids. Solutions with a pH above 7.0, up to 14.0 are considered bases. All organisms are subject to the amount of acidity of stream water and function best within a given range. Most organisms have adapted to life in water of a specific pH and may die if it changes even slightly. The pH of the water can change by introducing industrial chemicals, fertilizers, and domestic waste into the water
Temperature: Temperature impacts both the chemical and biological characteristics of surface water. It affects the dissolved oxygen level in the water, photosynthesis of aquatic plants, metabolic rates of aquatic organisms, and the sensitivity of these organisms to pollution, parasites and disease.
Coliorm bacteria: The presence of coliform bacteria indicate the presence of disease causing bacteria into the water.
Dissolved Oxygen: Dissolved oxygen in water helps organims to grow and drop in its amout cause organism to die.
Dissolved Nitrogen: Excess levels of nitrates in water can create conditions that make it difficult for aquatic insects or fish to survive. Excess amount of nitrates in water will cause unchecked growth of algea which thrive on nitrogen, this will lead to eutrophication.
Dissolved Phosphorous: Phosphate will stimulate the growth of plankton and aquatic plants which provide food for larger organisms, including zooplankton, fish, humans, and other mammals. Plankton represents the base of the food chain. Initially, this increased productivity will cause an increase in the fish population and overall biological diversity of the system. But as the phosphate loading continues and there is a build-up of phosphate in the lake or surface water ecosystem, the aging process of lake or surface water ecosystem will be accelerated and cause eutrophication.
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