Test 2 Review Sheet Carbohydrates Relationship of carb, fat, protein Names & str

Question

Test 2 Review Sheet Carbohydrates Relationship of carb, fat, protein Names & structure of carbohydrates (simple to complex) Monosaccharides, disaccharide, polysaccharide, starch, dietary fiber Types and benefits of fiber Digestion & absorption of Carbs. Function of carbs. Recommendations for carbohydrate intake Glycemic index Regulation of blood glucose (hormones, function, organ) Diabetes type 1 & 2 Hypoglycemia/Hyperglycemia Nutritive and Non-Nutritive sweeteners Lipids Common properties Structure & function of: Fatty acids Chain length, Saturation- monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, saturated Triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols Fat replacements Digestion & absorption of lipids Carrying lipids through the blood, structure &function; Chylomicrons, LDL, HDL Function of lipids Essential fatty acids Trans fat Recommended fat intake Fat and its relationship to health; obesity, heart discase, cancer Proteins Amino acids (essential vs. nonessential) High quality protein (complete) vs. low quality (incomplete) Limiting amino acid/complementary proteins Plant protein Digestion & absorption Function of protein in the body Protein needs Effects of too much protein Protein energy malnutrition Kwashiorkor, Marasmus Vegetarian diets Alcohol Servings Recommendations for men and women Binge drinking Metabolism of alcohol Digestion and absorption Benefits and drawbacks Populations who should avoid

Explanation / Answer

Carbohyrate and protein and fat realtionship:

Role in Nutrition Proteins, fats and carbohydrates constitute the old "nutritional trinity" which despite the recent emphasis on trace nutrients, are still the most important cwponents of the diet, for without substrate, there is little significance in catalysis. Fortunately the balance between these components of the diet is not often critical; that is, the body metabolism is geared to handle widely different types of diet. One must, of course, provide the required quantities of the indispensable amino acids, and essential fatty acids and sufficient additional nitrogen to provide for the dispensable amino acids, nucleic acids, etc, as will undoubtedly be discussed by Dr. %stelic and Dr. White. Beyond this, all three components of the "nutritional trinity" can provide energy f o r v i t a l body processes and biosynthesis, typical diet contains primarily carbohydrate, ample or excess nitrogen but often insufficient amounts of certain essential amino acids, and extremely variable quantities of fat. A calorie of energy in fat is essentially equivalent in the body to a calorie in carbohydrate, although there may be differences in the metabolites which accumulate in the body as will be discussed later. A calorie from protein, when corrected for the fact that the Amino acids are not completely oxidized in the body (i.e., urea is excreted), is also essentially equivalent. the various nutrients are supplied in proportions to provide the body with absorbed nutrients which just meet the metabolic needs of the body at that time. If this "best-balance" is not achieved the body, of course, has the ability to "reshuffle" the absorbed nutrients in order to maintain homeostasis. The less "reshuffling", the more energetically efficient is the utilization of the diet. Another way of stating this is: when the heat increment of feeding (or specific dynamic effect) is minimal, the diet is balanced. This is contrary to the early view that only excess feeding of protein raised the heat increment of feeding; any dietary deficiency or dietary excess will apparently result in a greater loss of heat. If this "best-balance" is not achieved the body

Definition of Metabolism

The tern metabolism refers to all reactions of importance in either the absorption and synthesis or break down and excretion of tissue components. It has been arbitrarily separated into anabolism, or synthesis, and catabolism, or break down. The viewpoint a few years ago was that

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse T
• Subjects

---

---

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.