Case 2 A 54-year-old female was brought to the hospital with a 4-day history of
ID: 242899 • Letter: C
Question
Case 2 A 54-year-old female was brought to the hospital with a 4-day history of turgor was poor, mucus membranes p Respirations were deep and at a rate of 26/minute. Hematocrit was abdome obtained profuse diarrhea. Her ale and sticky. Pulse was 114 with a BP of 98/66 mmHg 58%. Lungs were clear, and the was soft without evidence of significant local tenderness. The following laboratory data were Normal range Result High/low/norma Test 7.13 ABG pH 96 poz pCO2 ???? 18 Serum 133 Electrolytes Na+ Cl 115 3.1 total CO2 1. What is the nature and etiology of the acid-base disorder in this patient? 2. What are the causes of the high pulse rate, low blood prssure, and high respiratory rate? 3. Why is the serum chloride increased?Explanation / Answer
The laboratory data of the patient shows that she is having metabolic acidosis because of the following.
Metabolic acidosis is when there is increased production of acid in the body and when the kidneys are not removing the acid from the body. In this patient the cause of acid base imbalance is due to severe diarrhea and dehydration. The other etiologies are:
Dehydration is the cause of high pulse rate, low blood pressure and high respiratory rate. The decrease in the total body water causes reduction in both intracellular and extracellular, this in turn causes intravascular fluid depletion which further can lead to hypovolemic shock.
The normal chloride value is 97 to 107 mEq/L, but the patient's value is 115 mEq/L. So it shows that the patient is having hyperchloremia. It occurs when there is increased water loss when compared to sodium and chloride loss.
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