An advantage of defining the study population based on location of residence (ra

Question

An advantage of defining the study population based on location of residence (rather than having a pre-defined exposed and non-exposed group) was a design advantage of the Framingham Cohort Study. Why?

Question 1 options:

a)

it permitted investigators to study multiple exposures

b)

it permitted investigators to design a planned crossover

c)

it permitted investigators to conduct individual case studies

d)

both “a” and “c”

e)

all of the above

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Question 2 (1 point)

The schematic below can best be described as a ______________________ study design:

Question 2 options:

factorial design

planned crossover design

double blinded design

unplanned crossover design

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Question 3 (1 point)

A study in which researchers started to follow persons in 1998 and continued to follow them until 2008 to assess the relationship between exposure and disease is known as a:

Question 3 options:

Historical cohort study

Prospective cohort study

Retrospective cohort study

Randomized clinical trial

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Question 4 (1 point)

At the end of a randomized clinical trial, study researchers come to the conclusion that there is no difference between the effects of the experimental treatment given to the treatment group and the current treatment given to the control group, when in reality there is a difference between the experimental treatment and the current treatment. The researchers have committed what is known as:

Question 4 options:

Type I error

Type II error

Selection bias

Ecological fallacy

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Question 5 (1 point)

Which of the following statements best describes the findings of the randomized clinical trial testing an Internet-based asthma education intervention (Krishna, et al., 2003)?

Question 5 options:

there was no significant difference in the use of inhaled corticosteroids between the two groups.

the intervention (treatment) group and the control group reported similar reductions in days with asthma symptoms and emergency room visits

the control group reported improved asthma knowledge compared to the intervention group

the intervention (treatment) group reported significantly fewer days with asthma symptoms and significantly fewer emergency room visits than the control group

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a)

it permitted investigators to study multiple exposures

b)

it permitted investigators to design a planned crossover

c)

it permitted investigators to conduct individual case studies

d)

both “a” and “c”

e)

all of the above

Explanation / Answer

1) d ,because in framingham cohort study the group of exposed and non exposed members are studied and there are are multiple exposure of stimuli or agent,that s effect is investigated.In this study there is great chance of bias so. we can say that it does not permitted a planned cross over.It permitted investigator to conduct individual case study of all group members to assess the effects . 2) b ,It is unplanned cross over because there is a lot of chances of uncertainty or not a definitive group so it is unplanned cross over. 3) b ,It is an example of prospective cohort study because in this the group members are same and studied at a time interval from 1998 to 2008. 4) c, It is an example of selection bias because reality facts and study results are not same.

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