The Delta G° for the complete in vitro combustion of glucose to CO 2 and H 2 O i

Question

The Delta G° for the complete in vitro combustion of glucose to CO2 and H2O id -2973 kJ/mol. The Delta G for hydrolysis of one ATP molecule in the cell (at a realistic intracellular concentration of 5mM) is considered to be -50 kJ/mol. Use these two values to answer the following questions.

a) How many ATP are produced in cells during complete oxidation of one glucose molecule under aerobic conditions, including oxidative phosphorylation? Justify your answer.

b) What is the total energy (in kiloJoules) of these ATP molecules formed under aerobic conditions? [Hint: use your answer from part a) and make the calculation!] What fraction of the total energy in the original glucose molecule is transferred to ATP? Show your work.

c) How many ATP are produced from that glucose molecule under anaerobic conditions? What is the total energy (in kiloJoules) in these ATP molecules? What fraction of the total energy in glucose is transferred to ATP? Compare the amount of energy converted to the values you calculated in parts a) and b) above. Show all work and justify your answers.

d) What happens to the rest of the energy in that glucose original molecule?

Explanation / Answer

a. Two ATP & two NADH from Glycolysis. Two NADH from Pyruvate to Acetyl Co-A conversion. In two cycles of Citric acid cycles total 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 and 2 ATP produced. So total 4 ATPs, 10 NADH and 2 FADH2. Each NADH gives 2.5 ATP and each FADH2 gives 1.5 ATP upon subsequent Electron Transport Chain. So a total of (4 + 25 + 3) 32 ATP produced upon completion oxidation of Glucose under Aerobic conditions.

2. Each ATP molecule produces 50 kJ of energy. So 32 ATP produce 1600 kJ energy. But in invitro conditions each glucose molecule produce 2973kJ of energy . That means half of the energy produced in oxidative phosphorylation go out as Entropy. Only half of the energy conserved as ATP

3. In anaerobic conditions only the net ATP is 2. So the total glucose energy conserved as ATP in anaerobic conditions is 100kJ. That means only 3% of total Glucose internal energy conserved in the form of ATP in Anaerobic conditions.

4. The rest of the energy from glucose internal energy used for the making oxidative phosphorylation processes as Passsive. Some released out as entropy .

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