s of CD4 and CDS\" T cells ond the coespression of CD3I n pe ripherat ncive CDSR
ID: 258554 • Letter: S
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s of CD4 and CDS" T cells ond the coespression of CD3I n pe ripherat ncive CDSRA Th cells L DD 2GC SPE MT 7 GL SCR MG 10.GR 1SW CVID (nwan z SD) 28 27 1652 257 116 12 243 57 s2 42 12 35-20.. 1024 z I62 52+ 12 519 131 37 z 10 385 z 50 289 14. 296 234 27 361 ?? 10 2 7** 12 15 CDs" (%) 57 3363 420 1065 10 44 z 178 58 z 15 233 z 100 414 272 195 247 ys 30 714 20 235 7 138 143 362 15 43.9 169 129 Naive, CD45RA CD621 Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) causes low concentrations of serum Igs and leads to frequent bacterial infections, in respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. People with CVID also have an increased prevalence of autoimmune disorders and cancers. Isgro et al. examined the bone marrow (BM)A of several individuals with CVID. They looked at the T cell phenotypes of CVID patients (Table 1) as well as the some cytokines made by those individuals (Figure 1). Answer the following questions based on the data B and what you have learned from reading this book. 1. What is the impact of CVID on T helper cells? Figure 1. Cytokine production by bone marrow cells from patients with CVID. A, 1 x 106 cells were cultured for 24 h and supernatants were assayed for IL-2 and TNFa. B. Supernatants were collected after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h and assayed by ELISA 2. Naive CTL require IL-2 production from T helper cells in order to become activated (See Chapter 14). How might CVID impact the generation of CTL?Explanation / Answer
1) CVID, Common Variable Immunodeficiency disorder is mainly characterized by defects in differentiation of B cells to plasma cells and memory B cells, which leads to hypogammaglobulinemia. But the alteration in the number and function of T-cell is also seen that leads to T-cell deficiency. T-cell deficiency can be due to - low number of CD4+ cells, Helper T cell; low percentage of naive CD4+ T cells and absence of T-cell proliferation.
T-cell deficiency is characteized by reduced T-cell count, decreased lymphocyte proliferation, defective T-cell signaling, low regulatory T cell (Tregs) counts and abnormality in cytokine production.
2) Like CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells are deficient in CVID patients: levels of both naive and effector memory CD8+ T cells are reduced and increase in level of activated CD8+ T cells.This leads to susceptibilty to viral infection, increase in granzyme and impaired memory B cell differentiation.
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