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s obtained by measuring the potential of metal/solution vs the to calculate the

ID: 592200 • Letter: S

Question

s obtained by measuring the potential of metal/solution vs the to calculate the potentials of the combinations measured in silver/silver ion (Ag/Ag+) electrode experiments 1-4. Find the percent error. Next, compare the potential calculated for the electrochemical cells in experiments 1-4 to those calculated using standard reduction potentials found either in your text or the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (available at the Library reference desk). Calculate the percent error between the values obtained by your measurements and those calculated from the reference. Comment in your conclusions on the value of a reference electrode in measuring electrode potentials.

Explanation / Answer

Electrode potential data from text:

Experiment 1:

Cu2+ + 2?e? ? Cu(s)        E0red = +0.337 V

Zn2+ + 2?e? ? Zn(s)       E0red = ?0.7618 V

Theoretical Potential = -0.7618 – 0.337 = -1.0988 V

= 1098.8 mV

Potential calculated = -1012 mV

% error = |Calculated – Theoretical| / Theoretical * 100

= (-1012 + 1098.8)/1098.8 * 100 = 7.9 %

Experiment 2:

Pb2+ + 2?e? ? Pb(s)        E0red = ?0.126 V

Cu2+ + 2?e? ? Cu(s)        E0red = +0.337 V

Experiment 3:

Fe2+ + 2?e? ? Fe(s)        E0red = ?0.44 V

Zn2+ + 2?e? ? Zn(s)       E0red = ?0.7618 V

Experiment 4:

Sn2+ + 2?e? ? Sn(s)        E0red = ?0.13 V

Cu2+ + 2?e? ? Cu(s)        E0red = +0.337 V

Experiment 5:

Cu2+ + 2?e? ? Cu(s)        E0red = +0.337 V

AgCl(s) + ?e? ? Ag(s) + Cl?           E0red = +0.2223 V

Ered = E0red – 0.05912/2 * log([Cl-])

= 0.2223 – 0.05912/2 * log(0.1)

= 0.252 V

We can create a table for all experiments as below:

S No.

A

E0red of A

B

E0red of B

Potential mV)

Theoretical potential (mV)

% error

1

Cu2+/Cu

0.337

Zn2+/Zn

-0.7618

-1012

-1098.8

-7.9

2

Pb2+/Pb

-0.126

Cu2+/Cu

0.337

519

463

12.1

3

Fe2+/Fe

-0.44

Zn2+/Zn

-0.7618

-486

-321.8

-51.0

4

Sn2+/Sn

-0.13

Cu2+/Cu

0.337

521

467

11.6

5

Cu2+/Cu

0.337

Ag+/Ag

0.252

-359

-85.11

-321.8

6

Pb2+/Pb

-0.126

Ag+/Ag

0.252

152

377.89

59.8

7

Zn2+/Zn

-0.7618

Ag+/Ag

0.252

635

1013.69

37.4

8

Sn2+/Sn

-0.13

Ag+/Ag

0.252

153

381.89

59.9

9

Fe2+/Fe

-0.44

Ag+/Ag

0.252

138

691.89

80.1

S No.

A

E0red of A

B

E0red of B

Potential mV)

Theoretical potential (mV)

% error

1

Cu2+/Cu

0.337

Zn2+/Zn

-0.7618

-1012

-1098.8

-7.9

2

Pb2+/Pb

-0.126

Cu2+/Cu

0.337

519

463

12.1

3

Fe2+/Fe

-0.44

Zn2+/Zn

-0.7618

-486

-321.8

-51.0

4

Sn2+/Sn

-0.13

Cu2+/Cu

0.337

521

467

11.6

5

Cu2+/Cu

0.337

Ag+/Ag

0.252

-359

-85.11

-321.8

6

Pb2+/Pb

-0.126

Ag+/Ag

0.252

152

377.89

59.8

7

Zn2+/Zn

-0.7618

Ag+/Ag

0.252

635

1013.69

37.4

8

Sn2+/Sn

-0.13

Ag+/Ag

0.252

153

381.89

59.9

9

Fe2+/Fe

-0.44

Ag+/Ag

0.252

138

691.89

80.1