B cell Activation 26)What is linked recognition in Thymus-Dependent B cell activ
ID: 260262 • Letter: B
Question
B cell Activation 26)What is linked recognition in Thymus-Dependent B cell activation? 27)Explain what is a primary focus of immunoglobulin production? Where does this take place? What kind of antibodies are produced, and why? 28)Explain the events that take place since the moment a B cell is activated in a lymph node until it becomes a Plasma Cell and moves to the Bone Marrow. 29)What is a germinal center in the context of B cell activation? 30) Explain what control the homing of B cells into the follicles? Is there a difference in chemokine production between the dark and light zone of a germinal center? 31)What is the function of follicular dendritic cells? 32)Explain what is somatic hypermutation, affinity maturation and isotype/class switching in the context of B cell activation. Where do these process take place? 33)What are mechanism/events that drive class switching in immunoglobulins? 34)Explain the functional and spatial distribution differences of all major classes of human Immunoglobulins.Explanation / Answer
1. linked recognition in thymus dependent B cell activation:- in T helper cells dependent pathway, T helper cells and B cell cooperate in presence of thymus dependant antigens. B cell activation happens when direct contact between T helper cells and B cells occur and antigen is presented by T helper cells.
2..immunoglobins are antigen binding glycoproteins which will bind to foreign antigens to produce immunity against it
Immunoglobins are synthesized by B cells and it will have different Amino acid sequence and different antigen binding site.
Antibodies can be differentiated into 5 isotypes based on heavy chain.differnent subtype can be produced based on antigen exposure place and exposure time. Antibodies basically inactivates antigens by opsonization,neutralization, ADCC( antibody dependant cell mediated cytotoxicity,complement activation, and immune complex formation
3. After B cell maturation, when it contacts it's appropriate antigen it will undergo clonal proliferation. Some activate B cell becomes long lived memory cells and many becomes antibody secreting plasma cells. It produces antibody in membrane bound form or soluble form.memory B cells takes up long term residence in bonemarrow,gut or other locations
4 .germinal center:- antigen stimulated B cells migrate into follicles lymph nodes and spleens to divide and to differentiate. As follicles are filled with proliferating B cells it becomes a germinal center where immunoglobins undergo class switching and somatic hypermutation to produce altered antigen specificity and different class of antibody
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