14)Which of the following can lead to homoplasy? a. The reversion of a derived c
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Question
14)Which of the following can lead to homoplasy?
a.
The reversion of a derived character state to its ancestral state.
b.
The independent origin of similar traits in separate lineages.
c.
The evolution of wings in both birds and bats.
d.
All of the above.
e.
None of the above.
Persons who are heterozygous for a specific amino acid change due to a variant hemoglobin gene have a sickle cell trait that protects against severe malaria. If persons with this trait are more likely to survive endemic regions with malaria, the population in such regions would be expected to undergo
A. viral reassortment
B. natural selection specific to that allele
C. genetic drift specific to that allele
D. all of the above
E. A and B, but not C
Why is a notochord an important adaptation for understanding the evolution of humans?
a.
The development of a notochord occurred in early fish.
b.
A notochord is a backbone.
c.
A notochord is characteristic of chordates.
d.
A notochord serves to distinguish the Ediacaran fauna from the trilobites.
What is a correct definition of homology?
a.
Common traits due to shared inheritance from a common ancestor.
b.
Common function of traits due to similar usage.
c.
Structure of limbs that are common among all mammals.
d.
All of the above.
e.
None of the above.
The similar pattern of bone arrangement (i.e., humerus, ulna and radius) found in the wing of a bird and the forearm of a mammal
A. is an instance of homology.
B. arose through convergent evolution.
C. resulted from horizontal transfer between birds and mammals.
D. all of the above
E. A and B, but not C
What would Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin have agreed upon?
a.
One generation can pass on its traits to the next.
b.
Individual animals and plants can adapt to their environment.
c.
Life was driven from simplicity to complexity.
d.
Both a and b
e.
All of the above.
f.
None of the above.
Based on current fossil evidence:
A. ancestors of whales were artiodactyls
B. evolution of baleen forced ancestors of land mammals to become aquatic
C. whales and walruses are more recently diverged than whales and dolphins
D. A and C are correct
E. B and C are correct
The theory of neutral evolution describes
a.
The rate of mutation at a site that results from purifying selection, regardless of the size of the population.
b.
The rate of mutation at a site in the absence of selection, regardless of the size of the population.
c.
The competition between genetic drift and natural selection within the genome.
d.
Both a and b.
e.
Both b and c.
Which of these statements about the link between phenotypes and genotypes is not always true?
a.
The environment can affect how a phenotype will develop.
b.
A single genotype can produce multiple phenotypes.
c.
Human height is controlled by more than one gene.
d.
Diseases are caused by recessive genes.
Rapid coevolution of species in mutualistic relationships can result when
a.
Some of the alleles in a population have higher fitness than others.
b.
Alleles are swept to fixation.
c.
Selection is frequency dependent and positive.
d.
Selection is frequency dependent and negative.
Which of the following support(s) the concept of descent with modification?
a.
All living organisms share a common code of genetic instructions.
b.
Flowers and insects often share a helpful partnership.
c.
Many mammals have the same pattern of bones in their forelimbs.
d.
Both a and c
e.
All of the above
f.
None of the above
How do selective sweeps on an allele affect flanking stretches of DNA?
a.
Flanking regions are the same in many individuals in the population.
b.
Flanking regions are eliminated.
c.
Higher levels of recombination occur.
d.
Selective sweeps do not affect flanking regions.
If the half-life for a substance is 50 years. How much of that substance will remain in its original form after 100 years has elapsed?
A. 0%
B. 10%
C. 25%
D. 50%
a.
The reversion of a derived character state to its ancestral state.
b.
The independent origin of similar traits in separate lineages.
c.
The evolution of wings in both birds and bats.
d.
All of the above.
e.
None of the above.
Explanation / Answer
14. Option B is correct.
Homoplasy refers to the evolution of a similar trait in two different lineages.
15. Option B is correct.
Sickel cell trait provides heterozygote advantage. Hence it is maintained in the population due to positive natural selection irrespective of the fact that the homozygous condition is deleterious.
16. Option C is correct.
The notochord is characteristic to all chordates.
17. Option C is correct.
Homology = Same origin and internal structure but different function. Ex: Forelimbs of mammals
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