Discuss the replication processes of chromosomal prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA

ID: 261879 • Letter: D

Question

Discuss the replication processes of chromosomal prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA in a side to side fashion. Describe the process in a step-by-step fashion. Be sure to include all enzyme and requirements, and noting the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic (Note: do not fully describe prokaryotic replication and afterwards describe eukaryotic replication. Describe them side by side, matching up the similar steps side by side. For example, use a table form and compare the steps side by side. The first step has been done as an example. Continue with the next step. Be sure they are written in order! (10 pts) Prokaryotic Replication Step Eukaryotic Replication Step ifferences Not formed in prokaryotic replication 1. Formation of pre-replication complexes describe step here] describe step here] any differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes for this ste Transcription is the synthesis of RNA using a DNA template. Describe at least five differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA transcription and discuss post-transcriptional processing of eukaryotic RNAs. At least one of these differences must be a description of post-trancriptional processing of eukaryotic mRNAs. (5 pts) type your answer here) B. In prokaryotes genes coding for a series of proteins in a metabolic pathway are often grouped together and expression of those proteins controlled together by the same inducer/repressors in an operon. Choose either the lac operon or the trp operon and explain (10 points) i. The structure of the operon identifying each of the control sites and structural genes and the reactions they catalyze ii. Fully explain the conditions which lead to expression of the proteins coded in the operon and ii. Fully explain the conditions which lead to repression of the proteins coded by the genes in the operon type your answer herej

Explanation / Answer

Prokaryotic cells are simpler and primitive as compared to eulkaryotic cells. In prokaryotes, there is not any enveloped organelle, and also chromosomes remain open in the cytosol. While in eukaryotes, chromosomes are present in nucleus and all the organelles are enveloped.

Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes while eukaryotes have linear chromosomes.

Prokaryotic Replication step

Eukaryotic replication step

Differences

Semi conservative replication

Single origin of replication

Multiple origin of replication

Origin of replication is different

One or two types of DNA Polymerases

Four types of DNA polymerases

Eukaryotic DNA polymerase is complex.

DNA replication takes nearly 40 minutes

Replication takes 400 hours

Prokaryotes have single circular chromosome.

Replication occurs continuously

Replication occurs in S phase of cell cycle.

Okazaki fragments are 1000-2000 nucleotides long.

Okazaki fragment is 100 to 200

Replication occurs slow in eularyotes

Termination of replication

Termination by telomeres

Prokaryotes replication terminates when two replication forks meet

2. Difference between transcription of prokaryotes and eukaryotes:

Prokaryotic transcription

Eukaryotic transcription

Takes place in cytoplasm

Takes place in nucleus

TRanscriptiona nd translation is coupled

Coupled translation is not possible because mRNA is processed before translation

Single RNA polymerase controls transcription.

RNA Pol I, II and III are required.

Polycistronic transcription

Monocistronic transcription