Connecting Concepts: Gram-negative Bacterial Pathogenicity 3 Questions! Thanks i

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Connecting Concepts: Gram-negative Bacterial Pathogenicity

3 Questions! Thanks in advance! :) Bacteriology

PART A ---- Bacteria are grouped into two catgories reflecting structural features of their cells. Bacteria are classified as Gram-positive or Gram-negative based on whether or not they retain the crystal violet dye used in the Gram stain procedure. Cell wall structure determines the ability to retain the dye, thus cell wall structure is the basis of categorization into Gram-postive (G+) and Gram-negative (G-).

Which of the following occurs only in Gram-negative bacteria?

A. Peptidoglycan

B. Integral proteins

C. Lipoteichoic acid

D. Lipopolysaccharide

E. Phospholipids

PART D --- Various types of damage can lead to acute inflammation, including cuts and abrasions, heat, and microbial damge. Some microbes have structures which can trigger the acute inflammatory repsonse when they invade tissues.

What structural characteristics common to Gram-negative bacteria may trigger the acture inflammatoty respone?

A. Teichoic acid

B. Mycolic acid

C. Lipid A

D. External polysaccharides

PART E --- Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for the majority of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI's also known as nosocomial infections). Serious disease may result when Gram-negative bacteria establish opportunistic infection of nearly all body systems. These HAI's have serveral signs in common.

The signs of opportunistic HAI's with Gram-negative bacteria typically include high fever, inflammation, tissue edema, low blood pressure, and DIC. What common stuctural characteristics of Gram-negative bacteria is directly or indirectly responsible for these signs?

A. Flagellin

B. Fimbriae

C. Peptidoglycan

D. Phosphoplipid

E. Lipid A

Explanation / Answer

Lipopolysaccharides are present only in gram negative bacteria.
option d is the answer.

External poylsaccharides like lipopolysaccharide can trigger acute inflammatory response.
Option d is the answer

Lipid A is a type of endotoxin produced by the gram negative bacteria.
It is known to cause all the fever, inflammation, tissue edema etc.
Option e is the answer

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