Directions: Answer each essay question in a thorough and complete manner. Answer

Question

Directions: Answer each essay question in a thorough and complete manner. Answers must be typed. (20 points each) . A Nobel Prize winning biochemistry and geneticist named Jacques Monod once said, "Anything found to be true of E. coli must also be true of elephants." In the light of your biochemistry cou rse, explain what this statement means 2. One of the key concepts of biochemistry is the idea that there is a molecular structure-function relationship. How does this concept specifically relate to enzymes? How the induced fit modes of enzyme action. Choose a spec structure and its active site 3. Another key concept of biochemistry is metabolism. Define these related terms: metabolism, catabolism anabolism. Why is important to understan all metabolic pathways, the pathways consist of many, small steps. Also discuss why it is important for metabolism to be regulated and ways in which this regulation occurs. is this relationship expressed through the lock and key and ific enzyme that we studied this semester and describe its d metabolic pathways of organisms? Explain why it is true that in almost

Explanation / Answer

1. "Any thing found to be true of E.coli, must be true of Elephants" pronouncement states the biochemical unity of all living organisms. all living organisms are made up of same biomolecules, but different organisms differ from one to each other because of differential arrangement of these biomolecules.

all living organisms are made up of or can be made up of same sort of biomolecules because they are all expressed by the universal common or same genetic code.

2. As with the saying "Form correlates with the function", the structure of the biomolecules explains their function. In living organisms all biochemical reactions are enzyme catalyzed ones only. each enzyme is apecific to bind only one particular substrate.

This enzyme binding of substrate was explained by "lock and key model" and "Induced fit model". As per the lock and key model each enzyme has got a defined specific structure and in this structure a special active site is present. in this active site only a compatible structure having substrate only can bind and the enzyme can catalyze that reaction only. Here the substrate must contain exact structure that can fit into the enzyme's active site like how a key fits into the hole of a lock.

As per the induced-fit theory, upon substrate binding the enzyme's active site modifies and fits around the substrate perfectly.

Thus the molecular structure defines the function of the biomollecule.

3.all biochemical activities that lead to the construction of biomolecules which spend energy and the biochemical reactions that lead to the destruction of biomolecules which release energy together are termed metabolic activities and the whole process is called metabolism.

catabolism is the biochemical activity which destructs a biochemical that releases the energy with the concomitant release of energy eg. respiration.

anabolism is the bioochemical process where in a biochemical molecule or biomolecule is synthesized with the help of consumption of energy. eg.photosynthesis, amino acid synthesis, protein synthesis etc

The pathways that are involved in these sort of activities are called "metabolic pathways".

The biochemical pathways that are involved in the cabolic activities are called catabolic pathways. the pathways that are involved in the anabolic activites are called anabolic pathways.

Biochemical pathways occur in small step wise manner, because to ensure the preciseness of the biochemical process.

the biochemical processes are regulated by different factors and by different methods. They are 1.Substrate availability, or concentration. 2.Changing the amount of the enzyme, 3.alteration in the transcription of enzyme's gene, 4.Degradation of messenger RNA for the enzyme, 5.Post translational changes of the enzymes or proteins,6.Product feedback inhibition, 7.allosteric inhibition,8.pH and temperature.

out of the above parameters allosteric and feedback regulations are the major mechanisms of biochemical regulations.   

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