36. (4 points) Assume red flowers in begonias are dominant to white, and a long
ID: 266362 • Letter: 3
Question
36. (4 points) Assume red flowers in begonias are dominant to white, and a long pedicel is dominant to a short pedicel. You interbreed a population of red begonia with long pedicels. When you grow the next generation, you observe the following phenotypes. Red flowers, long pedicels Red flowers, short pedicels White flowers, long pedicels White flowers, short pedicels You decide to test the observed numbers of each versus and expected 9:3.3:1 ratio using a chi-square test. Your calculated ?2 value is 6.000. A. What formula would you use to calculate a ?2 value? B. How many degrces of freedom are represented in this experiment? C. What is the threshold for statistical significance? D. Do you reject or fail to reject the assumptions on which you based your expected values? E. What does your answer in D tell you about the biological relationship between the flower color and pedicel length genes in question? 1075 X 025 1o1m 100 1.ons 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.00 0.012,706 3.841 .02I 6.635 T879 2 0.010 0.020 0.051 0.10.91 7.37810.597 0.072 0 216 0.3526.2715 9115 12.838 0.207 0.297 .10.711.06 7.779 8S 11.113 13.277 14.860 15 1.6109236 1.070 12.833 15.086 16.750 0.112 0.5831 1.11 0.676 1.237 1.635| 2.201 ? 10.615 | 12.592 | 11.149 | 16A12 | 18,518 7 1 0.989 | 1.239 | 1.oo | 2. IG7 | 2N33 | 12.017 | 14.067 | 16.013 | 18475 | 20.278 1.31 2.12.7331.321507 17.535 20.0 21.055 1.735 2082.03. .691919.023 21.666 23589Explanation / Answer
ANSWER 36.
Answer A.
Formula of Chi Square = (Observed - Expected)2 / Expected
Answer B.
Degrees of Freedom = Total different phenotypes - 1 = 4 - 1 = 3
Answer C.
Threshold for statistical significance is the conventional value of 0.05
Answer D.
We reject the assumptions on which we based the expected values
Answer E.
Our answer in D. tells us that the given two traits are not linked and do not show any deviance from the expected pattern.
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