5) Fossils of Thrimaxodon, a species that lived during the Triassic period, have

Question

5) Fossils of Thrimaxodon, a species that lived during the Triassic period, have been found in both South and Antarctica. Thrinexodon had a reptile-like skeleton and laid e its skull suggest it had whiskers and, therefore, fur. Thrinaxodon may have been warm-blooded. of Thrimaxodoe are consistent with the hypothesis that eggs, but small depressions on the front d may have been warm-blooded. The fossia A) the environment where it lived was very warm B) mammals evolved from a reptilian ancestor C) fossils found in a given area look like the moden species in that same area D) Antarctica and South Africa separated after Thrinazdon went extinct 6) Similar gill pouches in embryos of a chick, human, and cat are an example of A) genetic homology C) structural homology B) the inheritance of acquired characters D) developmental homology 7) The same basic internal organs (kidneys, stomach, heart, lungs) are found in frogs birds, snakes, and rodents. This is primarily an example of A) developmental homology C) genetic correlation B) inheritance of acquired characteristics D) structural homolo Use the following information and figure to answer the question/s) below. Traditionally, whales and hippopotamuses have been classified in different orders, the Cetacea and the respectively. Recent molecular evidence, however, indicates that the whales' closest living relatives are the has caused some zoologists to lump the two oeders together into a single clade, the Cetartiodactyla. There is no Artiodactyla hippos. This la should be accorded order status oe superorder status. This is because it consensus on whether the Cetartiodactyl remains unclear whether the whale lineage diverged trom the lineage leading to the hippos before or after the other accompanying figure) members of the order Artiodactyla (pigs camels, etc) diverged (see the Pigs The figure contrasts the "Within the artiodactyls" of the whale lineage origin of the whale lineage with the "Without the artiodactyls" origin 8) One morphological feature of some modern cetaceans is a vestigial pelvic girdle. f it is determined that the cetacean lineage diverged from the artiodactyls' lineage after the divergence of pigs and other then the vestigial pelvic girdle of cetaceans should be considered a shared A) derived character of the cetaceans C) derived character of the cetartiodactyls B) ancestral character of the cetartiodactyls D) ancestral character of the cetaceans

Explanation / Answer

(5) Small depressions on the front of Thrinaxodon’s skull suggest it had whiskers and, therefore, fur is suggestive of mammalian traits and possibility of it being a warm blooded species. This is consistent with the hypothesis that mammals evolved from a reptilian ancestor. Other statements – (a) fossils found in a given area look like the modern species in that same area has no evolutionary basis. (b) the environment where it lived was very warm not consistent with the traits mentioned in the question. (d) Antarctica and South Africa separated after Thrinaxodon went extinct is a geological event not a biological. Therefore, your answer is (c)

(6) A homologous structure is an example of an organ or bone that appears in different animals, underlining anatomical commonalities demonstrating descent from a common ancestor. Developmental homology refers to anatomical similarity during embryological development different species, while structural homology generally refers to anatomical similarity in various developed structures such as organs, limbs etc in different species. Therefore, your answer is (d). The two other options i.e inheritance of acquired character and genetic homology refer to phenotypic and genotypic similarities between the species respectively.

7) As explained in the answer above that if we are referring to the similarities between developed organs or structures between different species, we are mentioning an example of structural homology. Therefore, your answer is (d). Other options have been explained in the answer (6).

8) The vestigial pelvic girdle of cetaceans should be considered a shared derived character of the cetaceans. Its not any ancestral character as there is no clear evidence. Its neither a derived nor an ancestral character of cetartiodactyls again because no clear lineage can be established. Therefore, your answer is (a).

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