Biology Question 1 Can you draw conclusions about causation from a purely observ

Question

Biology

Question 1

Can you draw conclusions about causation from a purely observational study (i.e. a study in which you only record events and do not manipulate anything)?

Select one:

a. No

b. Yes

c. Sometimes

Question 2

You want to see what effect antidepressants have on the ability of men and women to achieve orgasm. What would your independent variable be in this experiment?

Select one:

a. The group of people who receive a placebo pill

b. The frequency with which people experience orgasms

c. The comparison of men versus women

d. Whether or not the people receive an antidepressant

Question 3

A researcher divides people into two groups to study the effects alcohol has on the likelihood people will talk to strangers. One group receives fruit punch that contains no alcohol while the other receives fruit punch that does contain alcohol. People are not told if the punch they consumed contained alcohol. The researcher observes that people who consumed alcohol started conversations with strangers more frequently than people who did not. What is the control group?

Select one:

a. The people who did consume alcohol.

b. The people who did not consume alcohol.

c. There is no control group in this study.

Question 4

A researcher wants to know if oxytocin has an effect on sexual arousal. She injects 30 people in the arm with oxytocin that is dissolved in saline. What would be the best control group for this study?

Select one:

a. People who received no treatment of any kind.

b. People who received a pill containing oxytocin

c. People who received a placebo pill

d. People who received an injection of saline

Question 5

You want to see what effect antidepressants have on the ability of men and women to achieve orgasm. What would your dependent variable be in this experiment?

Select one:

a. The group of people who receive a placebo pill

b. Whether or not the people receive an antidepressant

c. The comparison of men versus women

d. The frequency with which people experience orgasms

Question 6

A person wants to know how estradiol affects sex drive in men. What would the dependent variable in her experiment be?

Select one:

a. The sex of the people in the study

b. People who don't receive estradiol

c. The dose of estradiol

d. How frequently men have sex

Question 7

Which of the following are parts of an observational study? (Select all correct choices for full credit)

Select one or more:

a. Dependent variable or what is measured

b. Control group

c. Independent variable

Question 8

What is a dependent variable?

Select one:

a. What you manipulate or change in an experiment.

b. What is being measured in an experiment.

c. What remains constant in an experiment.

d. The relationship between what is being manipulated and what is being measured.

Question 9

Which of the following are parts of an experiment? (Select all correct choices for full credit)

Select one or more:

a. Independent variable

b. Dependent variable or what is measured

c. Control group

Question 10

Which of the following experimental designs is better. Click on the better design.

Select one:

a. To study of the effects of Prozac on sex drive, you give 200 people Prozac and one month later then ask them how frequently they have sex.

b. To study the effects of Prozac on sex drive you divide 100 people among two groups. One group receives a pill that contains Prozac and the other group receives a pill that does not contain Prozac.

Question 12

What is an independent variable?

a. What remains constant in an experiment.

b. What is being measured in an experiment.

c. The relationship between what is being manipulated and what is being measured.

d. What you manipulate or change in an experiment.

Question 13

A researcher wants to know if oxytocin makes people more trusting. He gives 30 people a tablet containing oxytocin and then gives them a test of how trusting they are. What would be the best control group for this study?

Select one:

a. People who received a pill that didn't contain oxytocin

b. People who received an injection of saline

c. People who received a pill containing oxytocin

d. People who received no treatment of any kind.

Question 14

One reason it is important to have a control group when studying the effects of drugs is to determine if the response you see is due to the drug or due to a placebo effect.

Select one:

a. True

b. False

Question 15

A researcher sitting in a bar observes that people who have had several drinks start conversations with strangers more frequently than people have had no drinks. What conclusion can the researcher draw from this observation?

Select one:

a. Alcohol consumption causes people to talk to strangers more frequently.

b. Alcohol consumption is correlated with people talking to strangers more frequently.

Question 16

A researcher divides people into two groups to study the effects alcohol has on the likelihood people will talk to strangers. One group receives fruit punch that contains no alcohol while the other receives fruit punch that does contain alcohol. People are not told if the punch they consumed contained alcohol. The researcher observes that people who consumed alcohol started conversations with strangers more frequently than people who did not. What conclusion can the researcher draw from this observation?

Select one:

a. Alcohol consumption is correlated with people talking to strangers more frequently.

b. Alcohol consumption causes people to talk to strangers more frequently.

Question 18

What does it mean if the occurence of two events is said to be correlated with one another?

Select one:

a. There is definitely no causal relationship between the occurence of the two events.

b. If one event occurs it is very likely that the other event will occur too.

c. There is definitely a causal relationship between the occurence of the two events.

d. The occurence of one event causes the other to occur.

Question 19

A researcher divides people into two groups to study the effects alcohol has on the likelihood people will talk to strangers. One group receives fruit punch that contains no alcohol while the other receives fruit punch that does contain alcohol. People are not told if the punch they consumed contained alcohol. The researcher observes that people who consumed alcohol started conversations with strangers more frequently than people who did not. What is the dependent measure or variable in this study?

Select one:

a. Whether or not people talked to strangers in a bar

b. Whether or not people consumed alcohol

c. How much punch people consumed

d. The number of people in each group

Question 20

A person wants to know how estradiol affects sex drive in men. What would the independent variable in her experiment be?

Select one:

a. How frequently men have sex

b. People who don't receive estradiol

c. The sex of the people in the study

d. The volume of saline injected in the arm

e. Whether or not people receive estradiol

Give me answers with short explanation.

Explanation / Answer

Answer

1.

In an observational study, there is existence of confounding variables which makes it difficult to find the cause of the association. With the help of observational studies, only the associations can be established but the causation cannot be established. Therefore, the above statement is False.

2. The correct answers are option (a) and (c).

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