37. Adhesins are D A. endotoxins. O B. involved in the first step of the infecti
ID: 272543 • Letter: 3
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37. Adhesins are D A. endotoxins. O B. involved in the first step of the infectious process.C C. often found at the tip of pili. D. involved in the first step of the infectious process AND often found at the tip of pili. 38. Home-canned foods should be boiled before consumption to prevent botulism. Considering that this treatment does NOT destroy endospores, why would it be helpful in preventing the E. found on flagella. at least weaken the endospores, making them more susceptible to elimination he exotoxin is what disease? A Because it would destroy the vegetative cells, and only the vegetative cells cause the disease B. Because it would w by our inmune system C. Because the heat wouid denature the botulism exotoxin and inactivate it. T leads to the disease symptoms, so this would make the food safer 39. Superantigens A. are exceptionally large antigen molecules. B. cause a very large antibody response. C. elicit a response from a large number of T cells attach non-specifically to B-cell receptors. E. assist in a protective immune response. Vaceiuation Ch.18.1, 18.12 40. Almost all of the antibodies found in a newborm are G A. the result of infection.U B. self-made. C. IgM. D. the result of passive immunity. 41. Whi ch antibodies cross the placenta and protect the fetus? ?.lgAD B. IgG3 C. IgMO D. IgD E. IgH 42. Attenuated agents are D A. dead viruses. B. toxins. O C. weakened but replicating microbes. D0 D. parts of an organism. 43. What would be a primary advantage of using an attenuated agent rather than just an antigen from that agent for a vaccine? A. This is actually a disadvantage-it's much more dangerous to use an attenuated agent over a subunit (single antigen) vaccine due to the possibility of reversion of the microbe to a pathogenic state B. An attenuated agent strongly stimulates ONLY the antibody production (humoral response) of the adaptive immune system. This provides the best and strongest long-term protection C. An attenuated agent strongly stimulates ONLY the cytotoxic T celliaExplanation / Answer
37)adhesina are
Answer is option D.
Adhesina are cell surface components, that facillitate adhesion to the cell surface of the host.
-Adherence is the essential step of bacterial infection,as it is the first step of infection.
-Most fimbriae of gram negative organisms have adhesins.they are found on top of pili.
38)Answer is option C
Botulism is a disease caused by ingestion of toxins secreted by clostridium botulinum.
It produces a powerful exotoxin,which is pathogenic.lethal dose is 1-2microg.
The toxin is relatively stable.it can be inactivated only after 30-40minutes at 80C and 10minutes at 100C.
Food suspected of infection can be rendered safe by boiling in pressure cooker for 20minutes.
It acts by blocking the production of acetylcholine at synapses and neuromuscular junction.
38)Answer is option C
Superantigens are certain proteins that activate a very large number of T cells irrespective of antigen specificity.
Microbial superantigens are medium sized proteins characterised by high resistance to proteases and to denaturation by CD4+ Tcells.
These cause release of cytokines(IL-2),which results in massive proliferation of T-lymphocytes.
40)Answer is option D
The antibodies in newborn are by passive immunity,enter newborn from mother (Ig-G).
by crossing placenta.
41)Answer is option B
It is the main immunoglobulin consists of 80% of total antibodies.
Ig-G are the more number of antibodies among all antibodies.so they cross placental barrier andenter foetus to provide passive immunity.
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