FUEL UTILIZATION DURING EXERCISE The relative utilization of carbohydrates and f
ID: 273424 • Letter: F
Question
FUEL UTILIZATION DURING EXERCISE
The relative utilization of carbohydrates and fats as fuels during exercise depends primarily on the intensity and duration of the activity. In general, carbohydrate use increases with increasing intensity and falls with increasing duration of an activity.
7. Why does carbohydrate use increases with increasing intensity and falls with increasing duration of an activity?
However, the absolute amount of carbohydrate and fat used by muscles can be shifted, depending on fuel availability; greater availability of fatty acids increases fat use, and when more carbohydrate is present more carbohydrate is metabolized for energy.
8. Explain this statement? And explain in detail what happens if there is little carbohydrate available, and why (Hint think low oxaloacetate levels.)
This reciprocal interplay between fat and carbohydrate use should be carefully considered when deciding on food consumption for athletic competition. The goals of dietary intervention for the athlete are to fill carbohydrate (glycogen) stores in the muscles and liver and to make both carbohydrate and fat readily available in the blood for use by the muscles. Carbohydrate fuel can support higher intensity exercise than can fat and is stored in more limited amounts in the body. The metabolic challenge is to maintain carbohydrate supply to the muscles but to somehow slow its depletion by relying optimally on fat as a fuel. Insulin plays a key role in fuel partitioning because insulin tends to increase the metabolism of carbohydrate and reduce fat use.
9. Explain the three sentences in bold above to the best of your Biochemical ability.
An interesting question is whether or not certain foods can provide sufficient carbohydrate, affect insulin minimally, and also encourage fat use for energy.
Many studies have investigated the ergogenic value of consuming carbohydrate before, during, or after an exercise bout. There is overwhelming evidence that carbohydrate consumption before and/or during prolonged exercise can enhance endurance performance.
10 State briefly why this is so, and what metabolic pathways are involved in processing the carbohydrate. before, during, or after an exercise bout
Thus, a typical recommendation for the daily diet of athletes is to increase carbohydrate intake to at least 60% of the energy in the food ingested or to ingest at least 7 g of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight. There are also recommendations about the amount and frequency of carbohydrate consumption during exercise (e.g., Walberg - Rankin, 1995), but these recommendations typically do not include any comment on the specific type of carbohydrate that should be consumed. The remainder of this review will summarize the evidence that consuming different types of carbohydrate causes different effects on exercise metabolism and, possibly, performance.
11. Increased carbohydrate intake by athletes prior to competition is called carbohydrate loading. Research on the internet and submit a comprehensive essay on carbohydrate loading
Explanation / Answer
Carbohydrate loading, commonly referred to as carb-loading or carbo-loading, is a strategy used to maximise the storage of glycogen (or energy) in the muscles and liver. This is required for endurance events lasting longer than 90 minutes and usually practiced by athletes, such as runners to supply adequate energy sources through skeletal muscle glycogen content. Foods with low glycemic index, such as vegetables, whole wheat pasta and grains (of which caloric content is starch) are consumed by them for carbo-loading. High glucose diet like rice, bread aew also suitable regimen. Carbohydrate loading is believed to place high amounts of glycogen into muscles in turn aiding in physical performance and long-term endurance. The reports show that carbohydrate loading before a race along with intermittent intake of carbohydrates between training runs has been shown to promote restoration of muscle glycogen during the endurance run along with help the runner to train harder, and recover optimally after long runs
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