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16. During lecture, we discussed how riskier option strategies are likely to hav

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Question

16.       During lecture, we discussed how riskier option strategies are likely to have higher capital requirements in your brokerage account (e.g. initial margin, maintenance margin, account size). Consider the following 5 strategies and assume X=S with identical expiration dates!

Writing a Covered Call

Writing an Uncovered Call

Purchasing an Uncovered Call

Buying a Protective Put

Selling a Put

Which option strategy would have the lowest capital requirement and which would have the highest capital requirement?

A.         Lowest:             Buying a Protective Put                        Highest:           Writing a Covered Call         

B.         Lowest:            Writing a Covered Call                      Highest:           Selling a Put

C.         Lowest:            Writing a Covered Call                      Highest:           Writing an Uncovered Call

D.         Lowest:            Purchasing an Uncovered Call            Highest:           Selling a Put

E.         Lowest:            Buying a Protective Put                        Highest:           Writing an Uncovered Call

17.       During lecture, we discussed if and how Quarter on Quarter Changes in S&P 500 Sales and in US GDP Data should be used when trying to determine whether the US is technically in a recession. How many of the 10 quarters listed below would the US be declared to be in a recession?

A.         2

B.         3

C.         4

D.         5

E.         9

18.       During lecture, we displayed a time series graph of leading, concurrent, and lagging indicators. Going into a recession, the time series showed the leading indicators plotted below the lagging indicators while the lagging indicators plotted below the concurrent indicators. Coming out of a recession, which two indictors would we expect to cross last?

A.         The lagging indicator would intersect the concurrent indicator.

B.         The concurrent indicator would intersect the leading indicator.

C.         The lagging indicator would intersect the leading indicator.

D.         The indicators would likely cross at the same time.

E.         The indicators would likely never cross again until the next recession.

19.       Using the Put-Call Parity and your knowledge of Call & Put payoffs and pricing, which of the following combinations of C, X, S, & P values are rational with no possible arbitrage opportunities? Assume a 0.0% interest rate and European Option payoffs at expiration.

A.         I

B.         I & II

C.         I & III

D.         II & IV

E.         I, II, III, IV

For Questions 20-23, use the following information:

During lecture, we discussed how the Brexit announcement caused an unexpectedly large drop in the

S&P 500 (with SP500 futures down as much as 5.0%) pre-market. Then we made some assumptions:

Options on the index trade just like options on a stock (NOTE: this is not exactly true in real life)

On the day before Brexit, the SP500 traded around 2060

On the day before Brexit, you bought a call with a strike price of 2080 at a cost of 8

The day before Brexit, you bought a put with a strike price of 1980 at a cost of 2

On the day of Brexit, the SP500 closed at 1967 after a day of volatile trading

On the day of Brexit, you exercised both of your American Options

20.       The payoff of your call is ______ while the payoff of your put is______?

A.         Call:                -8                    Put:                  -2

B.         Call:                8                      Put:                  2

C.         Call:                0                      Put:                  13

D.         Call:                13                   Put:                  0

E.         None of the Above

21.       What is the most suitable name for your option strategy?

A.         Long Straddle

B.         Short Straddle

C.         Long Spread

D.         Short Spread

E.         None of the Above

22.       What is your option strategy’s profit (i.e. profit from call + profit from put)?

A.         -10

B.         3

C.         5

D.         11

E.         13

23.       When you go to exercise your American Options, you are surprised that your option strategy is worth even more than indicated by your payoff and profit diagrams. The largest contributor toward this increase in value was most likely the:

A.         Increased strength in the USD due to a flight to quality

B.         Increase in the options’ delta

C.         Increase in the VIX

D.         Increased time to expiration

E.         Increased dividend yield of the S&P 500

24.       You want to replicate a short put position synthetically by using the Put-Call Parity. To do so:

A.         Sell the Stock               Buy the Rf Bond           Sell the Call

B.         Sell the Stock               Sell the Rf Bond           Buy the Call

C.         Sell the Stock               Buy the Rf Bond           Buy the Call

D.         Buy the Stock               Buy the Rf Bond           Sell the Call

E.         Buy the Stock               Sell the Rf Bond           Sell the Call

25.       It is important to think about your reader when creating graphs in Excel.

Sometimes you can read a graph great in color, but it is hard to read in black and white.

Legends with a secondary axis should also denote which line relates to which axis (i.e. Left vs. Right).

In the example below, VMC/Industry/SP500 Gross Margins (GM) are on the left axis.

In 2005, SP500 had the highest GM and the Industry had the lowest GM.

VMC’s Operating Margin is on the right axis and is the line that is selected.

As addressed in the Spreadsheet Problem Set #2, this graph makes interpretation of relationships difficult. Don’t let this happen to you on the PPT #2 Assignment. Below are some conclusions you could make from this graph; which of the following conclusions are illogical?

I. VMC’s Operating Margins should never be greater the VMC’s Gross Margins

II. VMC’s Operating Margins should never be lower than 0.0% like in 2010-2011

III. VMC’s Operating Margin can be greater than the SP500’s Gross Margin like it was in 2006-2007

IV. VMC’s Beta is likely higher than the Industry’s Beta

A.         I

B.         III

C.         I & III

D.         I, III, & IV

E.         None of the Above

26.       Using the information below, solve for your leveraged holding period return:

You long 500 shares of Stock Z currently selling at $150.00 per share

You post a 45% initial margin

You are charged 8.0% interest on the loan per year

In 1 year, the shares trade at $175.00 per share

You earn no interest on the funds in your margin account and the firm does not pay any dividends

A.         16.67%

B.         12.27%

C.         8.67%

D.        4.27%

E.         12.67%

27.       Using the information below, solve for the price at which you will get a margin call:

You sell short 200 shares of Company Z that are currently selling at $25 per share

You post the 50% initial margin required on the short sale.

Your broker requires a 30% maintenance margin

You earn no interest on the funds in your margin account and the firm does not pay any dividends

A.         $28.85

B.         $35.71

C.         $31.50

D.         $32.25

E.         None of the Above

Explanation / Answer

Question 16.

Correct answer is option E. Lowest:            Buying a Protective Put                   

                                             Highest:           Writing an Uncovered Call

Explanation:

Writing a Covered Call: Capital requirement = Price of the stock – premium eared from writing a call option. Margin requirement will be medium

Writing an Uncovered Call: Capital Requirement = 0 and premium eared from writing a call option but margin requirement is higher in this strategy as one needs to purchase the shares in the secondary market at market price before surrendering them to the option holder at exercise.

Purchasing an Uncovered Call: Capital Requirement = premium paid for purchasing a call option

Buying a Protective Put: Capital requirement = Price of the stock + premium paid for buying a put option. Margin requirement will be low.

Selling a Put: Capital Requirement = 0 and premium eared from selling a put option but the margin requirement is high in this strategy as one have the obligation to buy the stock when the option exercised but the stock prices will be lower in comparison of Writing an Uncovered Call strategy.

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