Lecture 10 over chapter 9(Protected View) Word Layout References Mailings Review

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Lecture 10 over chapter 9(Protected View) Word Layout References Mailings Review View Help QSearch 1) Individuals with diabetes mellitis (sugar diabetes) are ofien asked to avoid consuming sugar If they do consume sugar, it is recommended that the sugar be fractose rather than sucrose or glucose From what you know about the absorption and metabolism of sugars, can you suggest why fractose is the preferred sugar for diabetics? a. b. Can you suggest why sucrose is not recommended for diabetics? Why would diabetics be urged to avoid foods that are high in starch? Answer: 2) Glucose fuels the celh in your body, But the cells need insulin, a hormone, in your bloodstream in order to take in the glacose and une it for energy With diabetes melitus, either your body doesn't make enough insulin, it cant use the insulio it does produce, or a combination of both Since the cels can't take in the glucose, it buids up in your blood. High kels of blood glucose can darmage the tiny blood vessels in your kidneys, heart, eyes, or merwous system That's why diabetes especially if left untreated- can evenbually cause heart dnease, stroke, kidney disease, blindness, and nerve damage to nerves in the feet a) What is the dfference between type I and type Iil Diabetes (TIDM,T20Mj? Can they both be helped with insulin injections, even i DM12 may results from insulin intolerance? New drugs on the market for T 20M ?nclade: Invokana, Fanie. they work not by helping your body make insulin, but by eliminating plucose through urine. They intibit the sodium/lucose co-transporter so the kidney will be prevented from reabsorbing glucose, reducing blood sugar levels b) What do you think happens to ghucagon levels when this transporter is inhibited with these class of drugs, and glacove is excreted in urine and ghacose levels are lowered? Would this increase endogenous ch SU 8 9

Explanation / Answer

Answer 1.

A. Fructose is basically known as the fruit sugar. With carbohydrates glycemic index or GI is associated. GI refers to how these carbohydrates will be digested and simultaneously how they affect the blood glucose levels. The lower the GI of a carbohydrate, the lower it will raise the blood glucose level. Fructose has a very low glycemic index because of which it is digested very slow in the body and at the same very less blood sugar level is raised. The case is not as such with the consumption of glucose, thus fructose is suggested to the diabetes patient.

B. Sucrose is a disaccharide that is formed of the glucose and fructose. It is also known as the cane sugar as it is extracted from the sugarcane. The glycemic index of glucose is quite high means it will be quickly digested and as a result the blood glucose level will increase very quickly. This sudden high level is harmful to the diabetes patient because they have improper level of insulin hormone in their body, as a result excess glucose cannot convert into glycogen. This blood with high glucose level can be fatal to heart, eyes and kidney of the diabetes patient.

C. Starch is a polysaccharide means it contains many units of monomers or glucose is repeated many a times to form the starch. As already described above that glycemic index of glucose is quite high because of which blood glucose level will increase. This high glucose blood when travels all around the body, glucose has tendency to get deposited into the eyes, kidney and heart, as excess glucose is not being converted into glycogen because of low or deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas. Accumulation of glucose in the above organs disrupt their normal function and proves fatal to the affected person.

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