Question 8. Given a particular diet type (e.g., piscivory, herbivory, granivory,

Question

Question 8. Given a particular diet type (e.g., piscivory, herbivory, granivory, carnivory omnivory), describe it (what does the term mean), provide examples of mammals that have this diet, explain several problems faced by mammals with this diet type, and explain adaptations to this diet type. Question 9. Describe several adaptations of mammals for different forms of locomotion, including climbing, running, gliding, flying, and swimming. How are physiology, anatomy, and behavior modified for these different forms of locomotion?

Explanation / Answer

Piscivory refers to the habit of eating fish by a mammal or any carnivorous animal.

Examples: Human,Wolf,Cat, Penguin,snakes ,bear,etc.

Herbivory:Herbivory is the consumption of plant material by animals, and herbivores are animals adapted to eat plants.

Examples: Deer, rabbits, cows, sheep, goats, elephants, giraffes, horses, and pandas

Granivory: Seed predation,also known as granivory, is a type of plant-animal interaction in which granivores (seed predators) feed on the seeds of plants as a main or exclusive food source, leaving the seeds damaged and not viable

Examples: Mouse, Sparrows,Dove and pigeons,etc

Carnivory:

The eating of animal flesh is called carnivory.Animals that eat other animals flesh are called carnivores;

Eg: Lion, tiger,chettah, dogs, bears, raccoons, hyenas

Omnivory:An omnivore is an animal that eats food from both plants and animals, which may include eggs, insects, fungi and algae.

Examples: Ants,foxes,monkeys,human,pigs,hens.

9.Different forms of locomotion

Animal locomotion refers to movements or methods that animals use to move from one place to another.Some modes of locomotion are self-propelled, e.g., running, swimming, flying, and gliding.

Animals move for a variety of reasons, such as to find food, a mate, a suitable microhabitat, or to escape predators. For many animals, the ability to move is essential for survival and, as a result, natural selection has shaped the locomotion methods and mechanisms used by moving organisms.

The anatomical structures that animals use for movement, including cilia, legs, wings, arms, fins, or tails are referred to as locomotory organs

Climbing :Monkeys climb from tree to tree using their forelimbs and hindlimbs and cling or swing on trees using their long tail.

Running: Lion ,tiger abd cheetah run fast to catch their prey.Likewise deer run fast to escape from some carnivores

Gliding : Rather than active flight, some arboreal animals reduce their rate of falling by gliding. Gliding is heavier-than-air flight without the use of thrust.This mode of flight involves flying a greater distance horizontally than vertically and therefore can be distinguished from a simple descent like a parachute.

Examples:Sugar gliders, squirrel gliders,  gliding ants, banded flying snake,  flying frog

In Sugar gliders the skin flaps that are attached from their front limbs to their back legs enable them

Flying:  Flight has evolved at least four times, in the insects, pterosaurs, birds, and bats. Birds fly to great heights against gravity by Flapping movement moving wings to produce lift and thrust.

Eg: Bats,birds

Swimming:

In water, staying afloat is possible using buoyancy. If an animal's body is less dense than water, it can stay afloat. This requires little energy to maintain a vertical position, but requires more energy for locomotion in the horizontal plane compared to less buoyant animals. The primary means by which fish generate thrust is by oscillating the body from side-to-side, the resulting wave motion ending at a large tail fin. Finer control, such as for slow movements, is often achieved with thrust from pectoral fins.

Eg: Fishes and other acquatic animals

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