1s. 2 points) Since the genceration of iPScs by inroducing 4 specill genes im 15

Question

1s. 2 points) Since the genceration of iPScs by inroducing 4 specill genes im 15. cell theough viral transfection, many other improved methods have been developed to address tl in associated with the original method. List TWO that would not leave amy forcign gencti gencrated iPSCs. 16. (2 points) A hypothetical scenario: some anti-retroviral drugs used to treat HIV infected patients have shown to cause type I diabetes in these patients upon long-term unage. It is suspected that the drugs might have a direct effect on the physiological function of the pancreas, particularly affecting its insulin production. Describe how you could examine the side effect of the drugs on human pancreatic cells by using iPSCs technology

Explanation / Answer

15 induced pluripotent cells are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from adult cells. It hold promise in the field of regenerative medicine. It has ability to proliferate indefinately. Viral transfection method used to introduce four specific gene for ipsc generation but main issue is that virus for ex. Retrovirus carrying the genes into target DNA and than remain in the host genomewhich can lead to transcription of unwanted genes abd greatly increase risk of tumor. Therefore, method of ipsc reprogramming without transgene expression is essential not only for clinical application but also for reliable and accurate in vitro models of diseases. Some methods are

1) excision strategy (transiebt trabsfection) this method allow transgene to integrate into genome but removed once reprogramming is achieved for ex Cre/ Lox P system. This method would not leave any foriegn genetic material in gene.

2) adenoviral method- unlikely of retrovirus, adenovirus not integrate their genome in host genome so transgene that is not integrated do not have to be excised.

Some other method are also there where we used molecule instead of DNA for reprogramming of iPSC.

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