Bio. 102 Class Exercise # 1 Read the essay on The London Cholera Epldemic of 185
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Question
Bio. 102 Class Exercise # 1 Read the essay on The London Cholera Epldemic of 1854, Answer the following questions related to this essay Note: that questions 1 to 6 are associated with each step of the Scientific Method) 1. Problem: What was the source of Cholera? 2. Observation: Where did most people become sick and die from Cholera.? 3. Hypothesis: Based on his observations and analysis, state the most probable hypothesis Dr. John Snow formulated conceming the source of Cholera? 4. Test the hypothesis (experiment): Once Dr. Snow stated his hypothesis, what action was taken to curtail the disease (Cholera). 5. Data and Analysis: How did Dr. Snow determine that his hypothesis was supported by the action that he recommended? 6. Conclusion: ithe fal analyis was the hypothesis thDnowatcuated supported by 7. What type of researchlexperiment did 8. How many water companies supplied water to the population of London, England in 1854? 8. Conclusion: In the final analysis the data? Dr. John Snow undertake? What was the source of the water from each company? If the water that people received was from the same river, what was the most probable explanation for the higher concentration of Cholera in the water pumps of one company?Explanation / Answer
Hi Answer:
1. Problem: What was the source of Cholera?
Answer: The source of the cholera was the contaminated water supply.
2.Observation: Where did most people become sick and die from cholera?
Answer: The cholera outbreak was took place near to the Broad Street (Now Bradwick street) in the Soho district of London, England. In this outbreak 616 people died due to cholera.
3. Hypothesis: Based on his observation and analysis, state the most probable hypothesis Dr. John Snow formulated concerning the source of Cholera?
Answer: Dr. John Snow stated that the cholera is not spread from the air rather it is spread from a causative agent which is spread by the contaminated water. He found the epidemiology of the cholera. To prove this he took the water samples of wells at the sites where cholera is spreaded and also from the area where cholera was not spreaded and analyze the sample under microscope and concluded that every sample collected from contaminated area have a unknown microorganism which may be the cause of cholera. This is the first step of his hypothesis.
4.Test the hypothesis (experiment) Once Dr. Snow stated his hypothesis, what action was taken to curtail the disease (Cholera).
Answer: As after talking with the suffering peoples Dr. Snow concluded that the source of the outbreak is the public water pump of Broad Street at Cambridge street. He told authorities to disable the well pump by removing its handle.
5.Data and analysis: How did Dr. Snow determine that his hypothesis was supported by the action that he recommended.?
Answer: Dr. Snow use dot map to illustrate the cases of cholera near to the pump, he also generated the dot maps of all water pump and compare them and he found that the cholera cases were more near to the Broad street pump and after handle down the pump he recognized again that the incidents of the cholera is also reduced from the Broad street pump area. These results proves that his hypothesis was supported by his recommended action.
6.Conclusion: In the final analysis was the hypothesis that Dr. Snow articulated supported by the data?
Answer: Yes the data fully supported Dr. Snow’s hypothesis that the causative agent of cholera is present in contaminated water and it spread by drinking this contaminated water.
7. What type of research/ experiment did Dr. John Snow undertake?
Answer: Dr. John analyze the major route of cholera infection he concluded that the contaminated water is the main cause of cholera and he proved it by comparing and analyzing the water from all water sources which supply the water to the city population. He prepared a map of city and show the clusters of cholera in it and also analyze the water supply of the cholera affected area. He proposed that the major cause of cholera is contaminated water and if the supply of contaminated water is discontinued then the spreading of cholera can be stopped and his thinking was right and by handling down the water supply the epidemic was come under control.
8.How many water companies supplied water to the population of London, England in 1854? What was the source of the water from each company? If the water that people received was from the same river, what was the most probable explanation for the higher concentration of Cholera in the water pumps of one company?
Answer: Four water companies i.e. Southwark and Vauxhall Company, the Lambeth Water Company, New River Company and Chelsea Company. All companies provided water to their customers from the same source i.e. Thames River. The water from Southwark and Vauxhall Company, the Lambeth Water Company is much dirty and contain the animal hair and foul substances. These companies didn’t filter or clean the water properly and supply the contaminated water to public. This is the main reason that these companies water pump has higher cholera concentration.
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