7. At which of the following steps in a signaling pathway can amplification of t

Question

7. At which of the following steps in a signaling pathway can amplification of the signal occur? An extracellular signal molecule binds and activates a cell-surface receptor. A. B. An activated G protein activates adenylate cyclase, the enzyme that produces cyclic AMP C. Adenylate cyclase produces cyclic AMP D. Cyclic AMP activates a protein kinase (A-kinase). E. A-kinase phosphorylates target proteins. 8. When a trimeric G protein is activated by a cell-surface receptor A. the ? subunit exchanges its bound GDP for GTP. B the GDP bound to the a subunit is phosphorylated to form bound GTP. C. it dissociates into a free ß subunit and an dry subunit. the a subunit exchanges its bound GDP for GTP it dissociates into an active a subunit and in inactive By subunit. 9. What properties of intermediate filaments monomers distinguish them from the monomers that make up actin filaments or microtubules? A. They bind to each other covalently B. They are fibrous rather than globular proteins. C. They do not bind and hydrolyze nucleotides. D. There are numerous different types in different cell types. E. They are glycosylated. 10. Microtubules are structural components in which of the following? Cilia centrioles mitotic spindle bacterial flagella nuclear lamina> made up of intermediale filaments and memlotane associated proteins 11. Which of the following statements are true? The mitotic spindle is composed mainly of actin filaments. The mitotic spindle assembles during late mitosis. Drugs that cause tubulin depolymerization will inhibit progression through the cell cycle in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Cytokinesis is achieved by a ring of microtubules that forms on the inner surface of the plasma membrane. The contractile ring is formed only in animal cells. A. B. C. D. E. 12. Two homologous chromosomes: A. are identical in many regions. B. pair during mitosis. C. form bivalents in meiosis. D. are both present in a haploid cell. E. are able to recognize each other because the DNA sequences at their centromeres are identical.

Explanation / Answer

Ans 7 : C) Adenylate cyclase produces cyclic AMP

Adenylyl cyclase is the enzyme that converts the ATP into multiple molecules of cyclic AMP. This cyclic AMP then activates protein kinase A.

This causes the amplification of the signal in signalling pathway.

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