What is the likelihood of an individual with previous toxicant exposure to have

Question

What is the likelihood of an individual with previous toxicant exposure to have an auto immune disease?
What is the measure of risk for the individual with previous toxicant exposure?
People who are currently exposed to toxicants are ———more likely to have an auto immune disease then people who are currently not exposed?
The next few questions will be related to the example illustrated here. To determine the relationship between autoimmune women in Michigan, a study was conducted to determine if current toxicant exposure was a risk factor for autoimmunity. The study an autoimmune disease, and "normal controls" (people who did not have a medical diagnosis of autoimmunity). disease and toxicant exposure among men and included individuals who currently have The data supplied below is stratified by past toxicant No Previous Taxicant Exposure Autoimmune Disease 50 Total 75 No Autoimmune Disease 25 25 95 Exposure No Exposure 3 Total 45 140 Previous Toxicant Exposure Autoimmune Disease No Autoimmune Disease Total Exposure No Exposure Total 610 10 25 640 What is measure that should be used to calculate the relationship between autoimmunity and toxicant exposure? Selected Answer. Odds Ratio

Explanation / Answer

1) Previous toxicant exposure:

Sensitivity = true positive/(true positive + false negative)

= 4/(4+10)

= 4/14

= 0.286

Specificity = true negative / (true negative + false positive)

= 600./(600+48)

= 600/648

= 0.926

Likelihood ratio = sensitivity/(1-specificitu)

= 0.286/(1-0.926)

= 0.286/0.074

= 3.865

2) Measure of risk for individuals with previous toxicant exposure:

= (a/(a+b) / c/(c+d))

= (4/52) / (10/610)

= 0.135/0.016

= 19.687

3) People who are currently exposed to toxicants are 19.687 times more likely to have an autoimmune disease than people who are currently not exposed.

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