Know the difference between ancuploidy and polyploidy. Know what causes Down syn

Question

Know the difference between ancuploidy and polyploidy. Know what causes Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome and Turner What are the consequences for the organism, recombination (map units), and fertility for deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations. Know the difference between paracentric inversions and pericentric inversions. understand the differences between non-disjunction in meiosis I vs meiosis II Mitochondrial DNA: How do miDNA diseases inherit? What classes of genes are found in the mitochondrial genome? The chloroplast genome Are nuclear genes important to What is some supporting data for the endosymbiotie theory of the evolution of Eukaryotes? Cancer Genetics: Control of the cell cycle: Know the checkpoints, Know how Rb keeps the cell from going I from Gl into S. Know what p53 does in some detail. Know what Rb does in some detail. What is a mutator phenotype? What are proto-oncogenes, oncogenes, and tumor suppressors. How does hereditary retinoblastoma work? How do we know that environment is more important than heredity in cancer? What are some karyotype differences between cancer cells and normal cells? What are the model organisms used to study development? Techniques: visualizing RNA and DNA during development. Unique features of Drosophila development What is a syncytial blastoderm? Maternal effect, what is it? How does it work in terms of phenotypes and genetypes and inheritance? How does it differ from maternal inheritance? What are homeotie genes, homeobox, homeodomain, and how are they organized on chromosomes. Think about eyeless and

Explanation / Answer

Aneuploidy is the presence of abnormal number of chromosomes. It is either an increase or decrease in the number of chromosomes. Polyploidy is the increase in the number of chromosome sets. Down syndrome is 21 trisomy. Klinefelter syndrome is the presence of extra one X chromosome. In Turner syndrome, there is a loss of one X chromosome. All these are chromosomal aneuploidies.

Paracentric inversion does not involve centromeres and takes place in only one arm of chromosome. Pericentric inversion involves centromeres and both arm of the chromosomes.

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