On 4 November 2016 the 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement will enter into force
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Question
On 4 November 2016 the 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement will enter into force as agreed to at the 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It can be challenging to wrap our minds around climate - while we are so familiar with weather, climate can be difficult for us to relate to. In this exercise you'll work on this and explore some specifics of climate to support familiarizing yourself with climate and with climate change. Name and describe one observation of climate change on planet Earth. How is this change detected? (Think: what evidence is recorded). Detection is one part of the climate change conversation; the other part is attribution. Attributing cause(s) for a change can be difficult for a variety of reasons. Discuss your thoughts about attributing cause to climate change. Be sure to specifically comment on the role of humans. Support your position using ESCI 1010 principals, concepts and observations. A Microsoft word, txt, rtf or pdf document submitted to the e-courseware dropbox. Think about the biosphere/hydrosphere/cryosphere - what evidence of change exists? See figure 16-1. How do we reconstruct climate? What evidence/data sources do we use? Consider natural causes of climate change. Consider human-induced causes of climate change. How does the climate system work?Explanation / Answer
Evidence for climate change : 1) Rising of Global temperature is strong evidence of climate change .
2)During 2000's decline of the solar output happened, while results deep solar from 2007-2009.
3) Increasing temperature of the oceans .Oceans showed warming at 0.302 degree Fahrenheit since the year 1969.
4) Ocean acidification due to the increase in Carbon dioxide.
5) Rising sea levels .From the last century sea levels rose by about 7-8 inches.
6)Melting of glaciers and polar ice caps.
Causes of these changes : Warming of the past half century has been caused by Green house gases emitted by humans .Green house gases from human activities.human activities are 1) clearing forests.
2) fertilizing crops.
3)burning fossil fuels for heat and energy.
4)storing wastes in land fills.
5)Raising livestock
6)Industrial products.
7)Emissions of aerosols which are small particles leads to reflection or absorption of the sun's energy.
Human activities contribution for climate change : 1) Releasing billions of tonnes of CO2 and other heat trapping gases, known as Green house gases into the atmosphere every year.
2)driving.
3)manufacturing
4)deforestation
5)Electricity generation
Natural activities contribution for climate change : Lithosphere 1)volcanoes : when a volcano erupts it throws out large volumes of rocks and some rocks contains harmful gas SO2 ,water vapour , dust,and ash into the air which are harmful to climate.Evidence : Mount Pinatoba in the Philippine islands erupted in April 1991 emits tonnes of gases into atmosphere.
2)Continental drift : Drift has natural impact on climate as it changes the physical features of the landmass,its position and the position of water bodies.Due to the separation of landmasses,changes the ocean currents , winds as a result effects the climate.
3)Earth's tilt : Changes in tilt can effect the causes of seasons.More tilt means warmer summers and colder wintrers.Less tilt means cooler summers and mild winters.
Hydrosphere :4)Ocean currents :Ocean currents change its direction or slow down.Heat that escapes from oceans causes water vapour. Evidence : Some parts of coastal Norway have an average temperature of -2 degree centigrade in January and 14 0 C in July which places at the same latitude on the pacific coast of Alaska are far colder -15oC in January and 10o C in July.
Reconstruct clmate : Decrease the emission of green house gases.
2) planting trees ,Afforestration.
3) Coral reefs maintance.Through this the temperature of the oceans can be maintained.
Climate system work :1) Projects such as HiGEM,UKCA,NCAS has a pioneering role in climate modeling in the UK.
2)NCAS major contribution to the ECMWF EFA- interim reanalysis project focus on the development and dissemination of diagnostics, which identifies or attribute the causes and specific observations on changes in climate.
3) NCAS has major contribution to the international assessments by IPCC and WMO/ONEP of chemistry/climate interaction.
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