Ocean salinity is made up of 6 major elements but many other \"trace elements\".

Question

Ocean salinity is made up of 6 major elements but many other "trace elements". Examine the table to work out which of the elements listed below has the lowest concentration in seawater.

zinc

nitrogen

magnesium

oxygen

SEAWATER TABLE 5.1 SELECTED DISSOLVED MATERIALS IN 35%o I. Major constituents (in parts per thousand by weight, ‰) Constituent Chloride (CI) Sodium (Na) Sulfate (S0,) Magnesium (Mg2+) Calcium (Ca2+) Potassium (K) Total Concentration (%e) Ratio of constituent/total salts (%) 19.2 10.6 2.7 1.3 0.40 0.38 55.04 30.61 7.68 3.69 1.16 1.10 99.28% 34.58‰ 2. Minor constituents (in parts per million by weight, ppma) Gases Nutrients Others Concentration (ppm) 90 14 Constituent Silicon (Si) Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) ron (Fe) Concentration (ppm) 65.0 28.0 8.0 4.6 Concentration (ppm) C Constituent Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitrogen (N2) Oxygen (02) 3.0 0.5 0.07 0.002 Constituent Bromide (Br) Carbon (C) Strontium (Sr) Boron (B) 3. Trace constituents (in parts per billion by weight, ppbb) Constituent Lithium (Li) Rubidium (Rb) lodine () -Note that 1000 ppm = 1%. Note that 1000 ppb- 1 ppm. 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Concentration (ppb) 185 120 60 Constituent Zinc (Zn) Aluminum (Al) Manganese (Mn) Concentration (ppb) 10 Constituent Lead (Pb) Mercury (Hg) Gold (Au) Concentration (ppb) 0.03 0.03 0.005

Explanation / Answer

Thus the element when arranged in lower to higher constituents order, we get the following:

Constituents % PPM PPB All consituents in % Cholride 19.2 19.2 Sodium 10.6 10.6 Sulfate 2.7 2.7 1000 ppm = 1% Magnesium 1.3 1.3 1000 ppb = 1 ppm = 1%/1000 Calcium 0.4 0.4 Potassium 0.38 0.38 Carbondioxide 90 0.09 Nitrogen(N2) 14 0.014 Oxygen 6 0.006 Silicon 3 0.003 Nitorgen (N) 0.5 0.0005 Phosphorus 0.07 0.00007 Iron 0.002 0.000002 Bromide 65 0.065 Carbon 28 0.028 Strontium 8 0.008 Boron 4.6 0.0046 Lithium 185 0.000185 rubidium 120 0.00012 iodine 60 0.00006 Zinc 10 0.00001 Aluminium 2 0.000002 Manganese 2 0.000002 Lead 0.03 0.00000003 Mercury 0.03 0.00000003 Gold 0.005 0.000000005

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