QUESTION 1 Which of the following statements best characterizes marxist geograph

Question

QUESTION 1

Which of the following statements best characterizes marxist geographer David Harvey’s argument about capitalism and neoliberalism in his RSA animate talk?

capitalism’s modern form is inherently unstable and ultimately unsustainable

communism, as practiced in the Soviet Union and China, is the best way to organize society

investors have found socially-beneficial ways to invest their money in the last 30 years

targeted investment of global capital can be used to boost the world’s poor

1 points   

QUESTION 2

Which group of countries engages in the most outward foreign direct investment (FDI)?

Mexico, Brazil, Argentina

Russia, India, Brazil

Japan, Russia, India

United States, United Kingdom, Germany

1 points   

QUESTION 3

In which group of countries are citizens more likely to be valued as consumers in the global economy?

Vietnam, Malaysia, Phillipines

United Kingdom, Mexico, Zimbabwe

Vietnam, China, Italy

United Kingdom, Japan, Canada

1 points   

QUESTION 4

The distance from Tokyo, Japan to London, United Kingdom is about 6,000 miles (9,500 kilometers), but for most citizens of those countries the U.K. or Japan is a relatively easy and accessible non-stop flight of 11-12 hours. Which of the following factors helps explain the time-space relationships between Japan and the United Kingdom as experienced by international travelers in the contemporary global era?

good political relations, the opening of borders, and waiving of visa requirements for citizens of each country

all of these answers

advances in technology have led to the development of rapid, global air travel and frequent flights

relatively high per-capita incomes which makes air travel affordable to a wide range of people in both countries

1 points   

QUESTION 5

Reducing CO2 emissions in an effort to reverse global warming would be an example of

adaptation

techno-optimism

mitigation

the precautionary principle

1 points   

QUESTION 6

According to the National Geographic article, some people in Greenland are

not aware of the potential changes associated with climate change

cautiously optimistic about the warming climate

expecting their climate to get colder

extremely concerned that rising sea levels will inundate many of their communities

1 points   

QUESTION 7

What most accurately describes how humans have impacted the biogeochemical cycles of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Carbon?

humans have not been able to demonstrably impact the biogeochemical cycles of N, P, and C

humans have synthetically created more N, P, and C than is naturally available in the earth system, and these elements are inherently pollutants

humans have used up all of the earth’s supply of these elements, depleting them as non-renewable resources, as in the example of Phosphorous

humans have intervened in the natural cycling of these elements, taking C out of the lithosphere and sending it into the atmosphere, for instance, or taking N out of the atmosphere and sending it into the hydrosphere

1 points   

QUESTION 8

In the United States, National Parks have been

touted by the filmmaker Ken Burns as “America’s Best Idea”

critiqued for the fact that visitors to National Parks are predominately white and middle and upper class

all of these answers

have been at the center of the debate between conservationists and preservationists

1 points   

QUESTION 9

The complex models used by the IPCC and other scientists to make future climate projections are called

CCMs (climate change models)

GCMs (general/global circulation models)

FSPs (future scenario projections)

FCMs (future change models)

1 points   

QUESTION 10

Consider a scenario in which there is public debate over whether or not to expand oil drilling operations in areas north of the Arctic Circle. An environmental activist argues that drilling for oil in the Arctic would disrupt Caribou migrations and damage sensitive Tundra environments. An oil company executive argues that expanding oil drilling would bring much needed jobs and income to local communities. This is an example of a

pro vs. con view

declensionist vs. progressive narrative

moral vs. immoral stance

science vs. economy perspective

1 points   

QUESTION 11

Which three regions, constituting 88% of world GDP, form the global economic triad?

South America, North America, Western Europe

North America, Western Europe, East and Southeast Asia

China, United States, Russia

North America, Western Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union

1 points   

QUESTION 12

In which group of countries are citizens more likely to be valued as manufacturing workers in the global economy?

United Kingdom, Mexico, Zimbabwe

Vietnam, Malaysia, Phillipines

Vietnam, China, Italy

United Kingdom, Japan, Canada

1 points   

QUESTION 13

The distance from Aleppo, Syria to London, United Kingdom is about 2,600 miles (4,200 kilometers), but it can take Syrian refugees weeks, months, and even years to make the journey to the United Kingdom. Which of the following factors helps explain the time-space relationships between Syria and the United Kingdom as experienced by refugees in the contemporary global era?

advances in technology have led to the development of rapid, global air travel and frequent flights

none of these answers

relatively high per-capita incomes which makes air travel affordable to a wide range of people in both countries

good political relations, the opening of borders, and waiving of visa requirements for citizens of each country

1 points   

QUESTION 14

Sustainability seeks to

limit economic development as it will negatively impact the environment

preserve the environment at all costs

promote economic development first, then focus on the resulting environmental externalities

meet current needs without compromising the ability of the next generation to meet their needs

1 points   

QUESTION 15

IPCC stands for

Intergovernmental Party on Climate Change

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Internal Panel on Climate Change

International Policy on Climate Change

1 points   

QUESTION 16

Whereas Nitrogen can be artificially “fixed” from the atmosphere using the Haber-Bosch process, the Phosphorous used in today’s commercial fertilizers comes primarily from which source?

Human waste

Guano deposits on remote islands

Phosphate rock deposits

Animal manure

1 points   

QUESTION 17

CO2 levels today are higher than they have been at any time in the past 800,000 years. How do we know this?

Tree-ring analysis from an 800,000 year old Maple tree

Measuring the concentrations of greenhouse gasses in trapped air bubbles found in Antarctic ice cores

Marine stratigraphic analysis of the isotope Oxygen 18

from using Milankovitch’s astronomical calculations of the changing position of the earth in relation to the sun

1 points   

QUESTION 18

Environmental Justice activists might be most likely to

champion international agreements that benefit small-scale local farmers in developing countries over multi-national agribusiness corporations

lobby the U.S. government to create more National Parks and wilderness areas in remote parts of Alaska

challenge a city ordnance that allows toxic waste facilities to be located in low-income areas

embrace the “green” and sustainability initiatives of large multinational retailers such as Wal-Mart

1 points   

QUESTION 19

Radiative forcing refers to

the extent to which something alters the energy balance, leading to warming or cooling

albedo

cooling observed in ice core samples taken from Antarctica

the effect of the ozone layer in blocking harmful ultraviolet radiation

1 points   

QUESTION 20

Which environmental philosophy challenges the “Western” opposition of man and nature most directly?

Ecofeminism

Conservation management

Transcendentalism

Environmental preservation

capitalism’s modern form is inherently unstable and ultimately unsustainable

communism, as practiced in the Soviet Union and China, is the best way to organize society

investors have found socially-beneficial ways to invest their money in the last 30 years

targeted investment of global capital can be used to boost the world’s poor

Explanation / Answer

2. United States, United Kingdom, Germany

3. Vietnam, Malaysia, Phillipines

4. advances in technology have led to the development of rapid, global air travel and frequent flights

5. mitigation

6. cautiously optimistic about the warming climate

7. humans have intervened in the natural cycling of these elements, taking C out of the lithosphere and sending it into the atmosphere, for instance, or taking N out of the atmosphere and sending it into the hydrosphere.

9. GCMs (general/global circulation models)

10. science vs. economy perspective

11. China, United States, Russia

12. Vietnam, China, Italy

13. none of these answers

14. meet current needs without compromising the ability of the next generation to meet their needs

15. ntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

16. Animal manure

17. Measuring the concentrations of greenhouse gasses in trapped air bubbles found in Antarctic ice cores

19. the extent to which something alters the energy balance, leading to warming or cooling

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