Earth\'s Interior Most of the information we have on the inside of the Earth has

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Earth's Interior Most of the information we have on the inside of the Earth has been gained through the study of seismic waves. Take a look at the figure below and answer the questions. Surface 1000 2000 3000 Depth (um) 4000 5000 Center Velocity (km/sec) 13. The layer labeled A is the solid, rigid, upper zone of the Earth that includes the and very upper The portion of the oH This layer is called the (eircle one) Core, Mantle, wave velocity in this layer is km/sec. What happens to the P and S-wave velocities when they reach the boundary between Layer A and B? imate P- km/sec. The S-wave velocity in this layer is 14. The layer labeled B is the plastic, semi-molten layer that the Earth's plates ride upon. This layer is called the osphers It extends from the base of the lithosphere to about how many (circle one) Crust, Lithosphere kilometers deep (circle one) km, (circle one) as you go down through this layer. Why might that be? 180 km, 660 km, 2250 km. The velocity of the P and S wave increases or decreases What Why do you C is called the Earth'sand includes the lower part of the lithosphere, the asthenosphere, and km/sec at the base of this layer. The velocity of S-waves reaches a maximum happens at the boundary between Layers B and C? think that might be? 1S. Layer reaches almost how far down into the Earth's interior (eircle one) 1000 km, 3000 km, 5000 km. This layer consists of ultramafic minerals similar to the rock increases to of km/sec in this layer. What happens to the S-wave as it reaches the boundary between Layer C & D? The approximate velocity of P-waves What happens to the P-waves as they reach this boundary? Why do you think that might be? 6. Lyers D and E are boh part of the arths(e n,Mantle, Lithosphere. What happens to P-vave Based on all of your observations, do P-waves move faster through liquids or solids (circle one)?

Explanation / Answer

13. crust

mantle

lithosphere

7

4

There is a decrease in velocity of the p wave and S wave, This is due to the partial melting of the asthenosphere. The zone where the decease in velocity takes place is also called as the low velocity zone.

14) Asthenosphere

660 km

The velocity increases as we go down this layer as there are phase changes in the mineral due to the increasing lithostatic pressure. These phase changes result in high density minerals , resulting into higher P / S wave velocities being recorded.

Between boundry B and C phase transition of minerals takes place. Minerals like olivine are converted into high density polymorphs.

We think that there are density changes as there is increase in the P and S wave velocities.

15)

Mantle

3000 km

Peridotite

P wave 13.2 km/sec

S wave 7.2 km/sec

S wave velocities are suddenly decreased as the layer D is the Liquid outer core. And S waves do not travel through the liquid medium.

P wave velocites are Slightly decreased as p wave velocity in liquid is less than p wave velocity in a solid.

There is decrease in velocity as we are moving from a solid state medium to a liquid state medium.

16)

Core

P wave velocities are increased between the boundry of layers D and E.

P wave velocity is faster in solids

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