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A 23, two-replicate, full factorial design was conducted to investigate the effe

ID: 2946889 • Letter: A

Question

A 23, two-replicate, full factorial design was conducted to investigate the effects of three manufacturing factors on the spring constant of leaf springs. The design factors were Xi furnace temperature (1840F, 1880F), X2 heating time (23 sec, 25 sec), and X3 transfer time (10 sec, 12 sec). The response is the measured spring constant k. The data are shown in the following table. Create the standard order factorial design in Minitab. Analyze the factorial design and, following the principle of hierarchical order, remove all interaction terms then main effects that are not statistically significant at ?-0.05 Analyze the reduced factorial design and output a normal probability plot of the residuals, residuals versus fitted values plot, and plots of the residuals versus each factor. State the final model and comment on its adequacy based on its R-square values and residuals analyses Test ConditioinXi Tem X: Heat Time | X3 Trans Time 65.3 81.3 53.3 69.9 61.8 77.4 73.9 89.9 63.2 83.0 55.4 68.1 59.7 79.6 74.5 88.5 4 13 15

Explanation / Answer

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Full Factorial Design

Factors:   3   Base Design:         3, 8

Runs:     16   Replicates:             2

Blocks:    1   Center pts (total):     0

All terms are free from aliasing.

Factorial Regression: response versus A, B, C

Analysis of Variance

Source          DF   Adj SS   Adj MS F-Value P-Value

Model            3 1336.93   445.64     9.23    0.002

Linear         3 1336.93   445.64     9.23    0.002

    A            1 1066.02 1066.02    22.08    0.001

    B            1     0.30     0.30     0.01    0.938

    C            1   270.60   270.60     5.61    0.036

Error           12   579.29    48.27

Lack-of-Fit    4   566.03   141.51    85.37    0.000

    Pure Error   8    13.26     1.66

Total           15 1916.22

Model Summary

      S    R-sq R-sq(adj) R-sq(pred)

6.94798 69.77%     62.21%      46.26%

Coded Coefficients

Term      Effect   Coef SE Coef T-Value P-Value   VIF

Constant          71.55     1.74    41.19    0.000

A          16.33   8.16     1.74     4.70    0.001 1.00

B           0.28   0.14     1.74     0.08    0.938 1.00

C           8.23   4.11     1.74     2.37    0.036 1.00

Regression Equation in Uncoded Units

response = 71.55 + 8.16 A + 0.14 B + 4.11 C

Alias Structure

Factor Name

A       A

B       B

C       C

Aliases

I

A

B

C

Result: Factor B (heating time) is significant factor which has 0.938 p-value is greater than 0.05 level of significance. Here R squared value is 69.77%. Hence 69.77% variation in data.

Effects Plot for response

Interpretation: this graph shows factor A(furnace temperature) and factor C(transfer time) are not significant and factor B(heating time)is significant.

Residual Plots for response

Interpretation: In Normal probability plot, the observations are not along the straight line. Hence data is not normal. In residual vs fitted value plot the points are not spread well along the line. Hence variance is not constant and in histogram, the graph is not symmetrical.

Reduced Model: response (measured spring constant) = 0.14 B (heating time)

Analysis of reduced model:

One-way ANOVA: response versus B

Method

Null hypothesis         All means are equal

Alternative hypothesis At least one mean is different

Significance level      ? = 0.05

Equal variances were assumed for the analysis.

Factor Information

Factor Levels Values

B            2 -1, 1

Analysis of Variance

Source DF   Adj SS   Adj MS F-Value P-Value

B        1     0.30    0.303     0.00    0.963

Error   14 1915.92 136.851

Total   15 1916.22

Model Summary

      S   R-sq R-sq(adj) R-sq(pred)

11.6983 0.02%      0.00%       0.00%

Means

B   N   Mean StDev      95% CI

-1 8 71.41   9.78 (62.54, 80.28)

1   8 71.69 13.34 (62.82, 80.56)

Pooled StDev = 11.6983

Result:P-value for factor B is 0.938 which is greater than 0.05 and R squared value is almost zero hence there is no variation in data.

Residual Plots for response

Interpretation: In normal probability plot the observations are along the straight line. Hence data is normal. In residual vs fitted value plot points are not that much spread hence variance is not constant. Histogram is not symmetrical.

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