Suppose a family contains two children of different ages, and we are interested

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Suppose a family contains two children of different ages, and we are interested in the gender of these children. Let F denote that a child is female and M that the child is male and let a pair such as FM denote that the older child is female and the younger is male. There are four points in the set S of possible observations: S = {FF, FM, MF, MM}. Let A denote the subset of possibilities containing no males; B, the subset containing two males; and C, the subset containing at least one male. List the elements of A, B,C, A ? B, A ? B, A ? C, A ? C, B ? C, B ? C, and C ? B. 2.2 Suppose that A and B are two events. Write expressions involving unions, intersections, and complements that describe the following: a Both events occur. b At least one occurs. c Neither occurs. d Exactly one occurs. 2.3 Draw Venn diagrams to verify DeMorgan

Explanation / Answer

Friendship is a relationship between two or more people who hold mutual affection for each other.[1] Friendships and acquaintanceship are thought of as spanning across the same continuum. The study of friendship is included in the fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and philosophy. Various academic theories of friendship have been proposed, including social exchange theory, equity theory, relational dialectics, and attachment styles. Ancient Greece Friendship was a topic of moral philosophy in which was greatly discussed by Plato, Aristotle, and Stoics. This was less discussed in the modern era, until the re-emergence of contextualist and feminist approaches to ethics.[2] Openness in friendship was seen as an enlargement of the self; Aristotle wrote, "The excellent person is related to his friend in the same way as he is related to himself, since a friend is another self; and therefore, just as his own being is choiceworthy him, the friend's being is choice-worthy for him in the same or a similar way. "[3] In Ancient Greek, the same word was used for "friend" and "lover".[4] [edit]Islamic In Islamic culture, friendship, also known as companionship or ashab, is taken seriously and numerous important attributes of a worthwhile friend have emerged in Islamic media. These include, for both men ("brothers") and women ("sisters"): The notion of a righteous (or "Saalih") person, who can appropriately delineate between that which is "good" and that which is "evil", has appeared prominently; concordance with the perspectives and knowledge of other Islamic companions is considered to be important; forgiveness regarding mistakes and loyalty between friends is emphasized; and, a "love for the sake of Allah" is considered to be a relationship of the highest significance between two humans.[5] [edit]Asia In Central Asia, male friendships tend to be reserved and respectful in nature. They may use nicknames and diminutive forms of their first names. [edit]Near East-Middle East It is believed that in some parts of the Near East-Middle East, friendship has been described as more demanding when compared with other cultures; friends are people who respect each other, regardless of shortcomings, and who will make personal sacrifices in order to assist another friend, without considering the experience an imposition.[6] Many Arabian people perceive friendship in serious terms, and will deeply consider personal attributes such as social influence and the nature of a person's character before engaging in such a relationship.[6] [edit]Germany Germans typically have relatively few friends, although friendships that do develop typically last a lifetime, as loyalty is held in high regard, and provide a substantial amount of commitment and support.[7] Germans may appear aloof to people from other countries, as they tend to be cautious and keep their distance when it comes to developing deeper relationships with new people. They draw a strong distinction between their few friends and their many associates, co-workers, neighbors, and others. The development from becoming an associate to a friend can take months or years, if it ever happens.[7] [edit]Russia Many of Russia's culture qualities date back to Soviet times. Times were tough, and many people had to create relationships with people in certain businesses in order to get the things they needed. If you needed to get your child into a hospital, it would be best to know someone in medicine, or working in the hospital. Everyone worked to help one another and make personal connections (Babaeva 2010). Many of these characteristics carry through into the lifestyles of Russian's today but for different reasons. The government can be be very inefficient for its citizens, and there aren't many public services for people. Citizens in Russia find it much easier to rely on their friends and family whom they trust, than to rely on any company or business. These types of relationships are valued greatly in Russia, because historically, things have always worked this way, therefore it makes sense to stick to tradition (Babaeva 2010). There has also been different types of research that proves the intimacy that Russian's share in their relationships. Dating back to when communism existed, it became harder for Russians to form relationships, in fear of whether or not they would be accused of something by them. That being said, people in Russian communities had very few friends, but the friends they did have were extremely close, personal relationships that they valued greatly. Many Russians continue with these types of relationships today, they have friends that they will tell everything to and they trust and have the utmost respect for (Sheets & Lugar 2005). In many countries in the world, the word friend is tossed around very loosely, a friend is anyone with whom you have a deep, personal relationship with, to a person you see occasionally and may not know much about. However, in Russia there is a different name for those different types of relationships and the word "friend" is only used for a person that you have a deep, intimate relationship with (Cowen 2011). Many people in Russian communities can come off as cold and distant at first meeting, but once some trust is gained with a person, the community will open up and show the person the warmth and love of friendship (Jebens 2011). [edit]United States In the United States, friendship is a more loosely based term. From the time children enter elementary school, most teachers and adults call every other peer they have a "friend" and in most classrooms, or any social setting, children are dictated as to how to behave with their friends, and are told who their friends are. This leaves for a very different base for what a friend should actually be (Stout 2010). This type of open approach to friendship, has made it so many Americans, adolescents in particular, have taken on the term "best friend". (Stout 2010). Many psychologists have deemed this term as dangerous for American children. This term is so dangerous because it allows for discrimination and groups to form, which causes for bullying in many American schools (Stout 2010). Many people in the United States have come to define their friends in a particular way, and research proves this has been happening for nearly 30 years (Sheets & Lugar 2005). For Americans, friends are people who you encounter fairly frequently that is similar to yourself in demographic, attitude, and activity (Sheets & Lugar 2005). While many other cultures value deep trust and meaning to their friendships, Americans will use the word "friend" to describe any person who has the qualities mentioned before (Stout 2010). There is also a difference in America between men and women who have friendships with the same sex. It has been studied, that it seems men in America have less deep and meaningful friendships with other men, as women have in friendships with other women. Many men and women in the United States have been studied to have similar definitions and ideas of intimacy, but when it comes to applying their intimacy to friendships, women do this with a deeper meaning (Yugar & Shapiro 2001). While studies do suggest these outcomes, it is hard to say exactly where this originated from, since there does not seem to be a historical explanation for it (Yagar & Shapiro 2001). Many studies have also found that Americans, as time goes on, and life becomes busier; will often lose touch with friends, where as other cultures take on a more intense value. For example, an American may see a long time friend and talk about wanting to get something to eat or catch up, with no real intentions of fulfilling that suggestion. It has been studied that this can be an unusual occurrence in many other cultures (Sheets & Lugar 2005). Americans also use the term “friend” very freely, referring to someone they have known for a few weeks as a friend, perhaps for lack of a term for someone who is more than an associate but less than a friend (Copeland, 2001). The rise of social networking websites – initially with Friendster, followed by others like Myspace and Facebook, which popularized the concept of "Friend requests" – also diluted the traditional meaning of friend due to the manner of many users to accept requests from people whom they have 'met' only once – or not at all – and,once the request is accepted, include that person in their "friend list" [edit]Decline of friendships in the U. S.

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